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| Preface, 6 Handling data 1 Types of data, 8 2 Dataentry, 10 3 Error checking and outliers, 12 4 Displaying data graphically, 14 5 Describing data (1): the'average', 16 6 Describing data (2): the'spread', 18 7 Theoretical distributions (1): the Normal distribution, 20 8 Theoretical distributions (2): other distributions, 22 9 Transformations, 24 Sampling and estimation 10 Sampling and sampling distributions, 26 11 Confidence intervals,28 Study design 12 Study design I, 30 13 Study design II, 32 14 Clinical trials, 34 15 Cohort studies, 37 16 Case-control studies, 40 Hypothesis testing 17 Hypothesis testing, 42 18 Errors in hypothesis testing, 44 Basic techniques for analysing data Numerical data: 19 A single group, 46 20 Two related groups, 49 21 Two unrelated groups, 52 22 More than two groups, 55 Categorical data: 23 A single proportion,58 24 Two proportions, 61 25 More than two categories, 64 Regression and correlation: 26 Correlation, 67 27 The theory of linear regression, 70 28 Performing a linear regression analysis,72 29 Multiple linear regression, 75 30 Polynomial and logistic regression, 78 31 Statistical modelling, 80 Important considerations: 32 Checking assumptions, 82 33 Sample size calculations, 84 34 Presenting results, 87 Additional topics 35 Diagnostic tools, 90 36 Assessing agreement, 93 37 Evidence-based medicine, 96 38 Systematic reviews and recta-analysis,98 39 Methods for repeated measures, 101 40 Time series, 104 41 Survival analysis, 106 42 Bayesian methods, 109 Appendices A Statistical tables, 112 B Altman's nomogram for sample size calculations, 119 C Typical computer output, 120 D Glossary of terms,127 Index, 135 |
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