| preface i part i warming up1 chapter ian introduction to writing in english 5 why is writing so important6 writing influences the way we think 6 writing contributes to the way we learn 8 good writing leads to success in college and career writing enriches personal growth 9 what is good writing11 good writing is good thinking 11 good writing involves thoughtful revision 13 good writing is directed toward an audience 14 good writing achieves a clear purpose 17 good writing expresses ideas clearly 18 your road to success as a non-native speaker19 your advantages as a non-native speaker 20 your disadvantages as a non-native speaker 22 tips for improving your english 24 chapter 2the writing process: a bird's-eye view 34 writing as a social act34 .topic or subject 36 audience 37 purpose and role 42 writing as a process44 inventing 45 planning and drafting 46 revising 48 editing and proofreading 49 writing as a recursive process 49 part iistrategies for inventing, reading, think-ing, and researching51 chapter 3inventing and planning 56 freewriting 57 brainstorming 61 branching 65 cubing 68 questioning or journalistic formula 71 which technique should you use?74 planning and outlining 75 chapter 4reading with a critical eye 83 reading actively84 previewing 85 skimming 88 reading "on racist speech" charles r. lawrence iii 89 annotating 92 reading "the harmful myth of asian superiority" ronaldtakaki 95 comprehending constructively98 outlining 99 paraphrasing 101 summarizing 103 responding thoughtfully106 exploring 106 evaluating 108 readings "everybody's children" colin l. powell 114 "the doctor won't see you now" james gorman 119 "competition is destructive" alfie kohn 121 chapter 5thinking critically 126 what is critical thinking126 writing to facilitate critical thinking126 reading "in defense of the animals" meg greenfield 133 inductive reasoning138 what's inductive reasoning 138 the more the merrier 140 a word of caution 143 reading "i want a wife" judy brady 145 deductive reasoning148 what is deductive reasoning 148 premises and syllogism 151 reading "unabomber's next victim: responsibility" georgewill163 fallacies166 equivocation 167 circular reasoning (tautology) 168 begging the question 169 guilt by association 169 overgeneralization 170 hasty generalization 170 oversimplification 171 post hoc 172 readings "offering euthanasia can be an act of love" derekhumphry 175 "the language of advertising claims" jeffrey schrank178 chapter 6researching, using, and acknowledgingsources 187 field research189 observing 189 interviewing 191 surveying 194 library research199 general references 200 indexes, abstracts, and catalogs 201 bibliographies 202 electronic sources 202 using sources204 evaluating sources 205 incorporating sources in your own writing 207 acknowledging sources213 in-text parenthetical citation 214 works cited or references list 217 part iiistrategies for descriptive and nar-rative writings227 chapter 7describing events 233 readings "free falling" scot weckerly 236 "unripened light" al young 243 key features of writings about events 251 now it's your turn to write 253 chapter 8describing people 260 readings "uncle willie" maya angelou 261 "only she" erick young 267 key features of writings about people 274 now it's your turn to write 275 chapter 9writing profiles 281 readings "alda hanna: 32 years of theme songs and science"annette spahr 282 "inside the brain" david noonan 287 key features of profile writing 297 now it's your turn to write 298 part ivstrategies for informative and ex-planatory writings305 chapter 10writing to inform 310 readings "host families are needed"312 "thefriendship community center:campaignforfriendship" 315 "dangers of smoking" jennifer walters 320 key features of informative writings 324 now it's your turn to write 325 chapter 11writing to explain how 330 readings "mini spring rolls" 331 "in five easy steps" alison poller 334 "beating the blues, winning the game" elizabeth a.thomas 338 key features of writings explaining how 343 now it's your turn to write 345 chapter 12writing to explain what 350 readings "love: the right chemistry?" anastasia toufexis 351 "falling below the norm: mental retardation" roberts. feldman 361"aids" 367 key features of writings explaining what 372 now it's your turn to write 375 part vstrategies for persuasive and argu-mentative writings381 chapter 13writing to argue 386 readings "making monsters" phuong pham 394 "five myths about immigration" david cole 400 "the hard questions: our bodies, our clones" jean bethke elshtain 408 key features of argumentative writings 415 now it's your turn to write 418 chapter 14writing to propose 428 readings "this isn't such a dumb idea" leigh montville 434 "more testing, more learning" patrick o'malley 439 "spam control proposal" jon davis 447 key features of writing proposals 455 now it's your turn to write 457 chapter 15writing to analyze 466 readings "saddam's advantage: iraq hopes to score points as vic- tim of u.s. aggression" david t. twining 468 "why do so many risk so much for sex ?" delia m. rios 472 "crack and the box" pete hamill 477 key features of argumentative writing 487 now it's your turn to write 489 chapter 16writing to evaluate 496 readings "over the hill? i think not!" richard gingrich 499 "songe de titanic" frank thompson 502 "top ten best college buys now" denise m. topolnicki 512 key features of argumentative writing 519 now it's your turn to write 522 part vi strategies for other writing situations529 chapter 17writing research papers 533 readings "dating, social avoidance and distress" marshall pris- bell 535 "immunocytochemistry deja vu" david j. dabbs andxiaohong wang 542 key features of research papers 544 now it's your turn to write 551 chapter 18taking essay exams 575 key features of essay exams 576 preparing for essay exams 578 taking essay exams 580 sample essay exam questions and answers 584 chapter 19writing for business purposes 599 memos 599 key features of memos 600 sample memos 603 business letters607 key features of business letters 607 sample business letters (with three kinds of messages)616 reference letters623 key features of reference letters 623 chapter 20writing for application purposes 631 resume or curriculum vitae632 preparing for the resume 632 writing the resume 635 tips for writing winning resumes 640 sample resumes 646 cover letters658 preparing for the cover letter 659 writing the cover letter 662 tips for writing winning cover letters 667 sample cover letters 670 part vii strategies for revising and editing677 chapter 21essay organization 682 english and chinese organizational patterns: a con-trastive view682 five basic organizational patterns687 general-to-specific/abstract-to-concrete 687 specific-to-general/concrete-to-abstract 692 order of importance 694 chronological order 696 spatial order 698 other organizational patterns 700 introduction701 narrative 703 descriptive 705 preparatory 706 corrective 708 inquisitive 709 other introductions 710 thesis statement713 conclusion716 restating the main points 716 referring back to the thesis (and the introduction) 717 suggesting a solution, further study, or predicting anoutcome718 giving a humorous comment or unexpected twist 719 chapter 22essay development 721 description722 naming 722 specifying 725 comparing 727 appealing to the senses 729 narration736 ordering narrative action 736 developing narrative action 738 narrative point of view 743 definition744 sentence definition 745 extended definition 747 classification750 choosing the principles to classify 753 testing the effectiveness 754 explaining each subgroup 756 example759 relevant examples 760 specific examples 761 sufficient examples 762 comparison and contrast765 points for comparing and contrasting 766 two ways for organizing comparison and contrast 768 cause and effect772 distinguishing between cause and effect 773 necessity, sufficiency, and mill's methods 776 organizing cause and effect 779 chapter 23sentence development 786 developing mature sentences787 five basic sentence patterns 787 sentence expansion 788 four basic sentence types 793 other syntactical patterns 797 sentence variety and maturity 802 avoiding sentence errors810 fused sentences and comma splice 810 sentence fragments 814 subject-verb agreement 817 pronoun agreement 821 pronoun reference 825 misplaced and dangling modifiers 828 faulty parallelism 832 chapter 24word choice 836 levels of diction836 formal and informal 836 general/abstract and specific/concrete 841 denotation and connotation 843 wordiness and redundancy 845 jargon and slang 854 archaisms, neologisms, and dialects 858 trite expressions and clich e 861 euphemisms, offensive terms, and sexist language 865 figures of speech871 simile and metaphor 871 overstatement (hyperbole) and understatement 876 irony, paradox, and oxymoron 878 chapter 25punctuation and mechanics 882 punctuation883 comma [,] 883 colon[:] and semicolon[;] 889 period[.], question mark[?], and exclamation point[!] 895 quotation marks[“”] 899 dash, parentheses, and brackets 904 slash, hyphen, apostrophe, and ellipsis 909 mechanics912 capital letters 913 italics and underlines 918 abbreviations and acronyms 921 numbers 923 subject, author, and title list 927 acknowledgments 939 works cited and consulted 942 |
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