| 本教材是为地学类相关专业编写的地质学基础课程双语教学用书。全书共19章，包括宇宙与行星地质学、元素与矿物、岩浆作用与火成岩、外力地质作用与沉积岩等内容。为方便读者使用，书中大部分专业术语后都直接加注了相应的中文词汇，并在每章末列出主要参考文献、资料来源和相关网站链接。 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Sciences 1.1 Earth Sciences and some related concepts 1.2 The hardship and the pleasures of geologists Chapter 2 Universe and Planetary Geology 2.1 The history of universe exploration 2.2 Members of the Solar System 2.3 Amazing regularities in the Solar System 2.4 The origin of the Solar System 2.5 The Earth's shape Chapter 3 Elements and Minerals 3.1 The elements in the crust 3.2 Minerals and their properties 3.3 Common minerals and rock-forming minerals Chapter 4 Magmatism and Igneous Rocks 4.1 Magmatism 4.2 Eruption and extrusive rocks (volcanic rocks) 4.3 Intrusion and intrusive rocks 4.4 Major igneous rocks 4.5 Other concepts Chapterr 5 Exogenic Processes and Sedimentary Rocks 5.1 External process 5.2 Basic characteristics of sedimentary rocks 5.3 The texture of sedimentary rocks 5.4 Sedimentary structure 5.5 Common sedimentary rocks Chapter 6 Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks 6.1 Metamorphism 6.2 The composition,texture and structure of metamorphic rocks 6.3 The major types of metamorphism 6.4 Major metamorphic rocks 6.5 Rock cycles Chapter 7 Geological Time and the Earth' s Evolution 7.1 Relative time 7.2 Radiometric time (dating) 7.3 Geological time scale 7.4 How to understand and remember the geological time scale Chapter 8 Earthquakes and the Earth' s Spheres 8.1 What is an earthquake 8.2 Earthquake distributions 8.3 Earthquake and the earth's interior 8.4 Gravity and isostasy of crust Chapter 9 Crust Movement and Geological Structures 9.1 Acting force and deformation of rocks 9.2 Fold and fracture 9.3 Contact relations 9.4 Tectonics (geotectonics) and something in the history of geology Chapter 10 Sea Floor Spreading and Plate Tectonics 10.1 Continental drift 10.2 Sea floor spreading 10.3 Plate tectonics Chapter 11 Weathering and Erosion 11.1 Weathering and erosion 11.2 The products of weathering Chapter 12 Rivers and Their Geological Processes 12.1 Streams,rivers and their geologic processes 12.2 The erosion of rivers 12.3 The transportation of rivers 12.4 Sedimentation of rivers 12.5 Longitudinal profile and base level Chapter 13 Glaciers and Glaciation 13.1 Glaciers 13.2 Glacial erosion and deposition 13.3 Glaciation and global change 13.4 Additional facts and research information Chapter 14 Groundwater and Its Geological Processes 14.1 Hydrologic cycle 14.2 Groundwater and water table 14.3 Movement of groundwater 14.4 Porosity and permeability 14.5 Aquifers and aquitard 14.6 Changes in the groundwater system 14.7 Geologic processes of groundwater Chapter 15 Ocean Processes and Marine Geology 15.1 Main eharaeteristies of oceans 15.2 The marine agents 15.3 Sedimentation in oceans 15.4 Sea level fluctuations and g]obal change 15.5 Additional reading Chapter 16 Lakes and Swamps 16.1 Basic concepts and processes related to lakes and swamps 16.2 Lake database of the world 16.3 Lake database of China 16.4 Origin and types of lakes 16.5 Lakes and human environment 16.6 Additional reading Chapter 17 Wind and Desert 17.1 Sediment transportation by wind 17.2 Wind erosion and erosion landforms 17.3 Wind deposition and deposition landforms 17.4 Desert distribution over the globe Chapter 18 Mass Wasting 18.1 Mass wasting and influencing factors 18.2 Types of mass wasting 18.3 Recognizing and minimizing mass movement effects Chapter 19 Human Survival and Earth's Environments 19.1 Human population and industrialization 19.2 Global climate change 19.3 Acid precipitation (rain) 19.4 Photochemical smog 19.5 Ozone depletion 19.6 Water 19.7 Soil erosion,desertification,and deforestation 19.8 Conclusion Index |
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