| 1．The Background of the Renaissance<br> The Problem of the Renaissance <br> The Conservative Elements in MedievaI Civilization： Feudalism<br> The Conservative Elements in Medieval Civilization： The Church<br> The Dynamic Elements in Medieval Society：Corn— merce．Money Economy and the Towns．<br> The Rise of Centralized Territorial States <br> The Decline of the Feudal Nobility<br> Decline of the Medieval Church<br>2．The Renaissance in Italy<br> The Economic Evolution of the Italian Cities<br> The Political Evolution of the Italian States<br> The Evolution of Urban Society and Culture in Italy<br> The Growth of Secular Elements in Italian Culture<br> The Literature of the Italian Renaissance：The Four．teenth Century<br> The Literature of the Italian Renaissance：The Fif．teenth and Sixteenth Centuries<br> The Art of the Italian Renaissance<br>3．The Renaissance in the North<br> The Economic Evolution of the North in the Four． teenth and Fifteenth Centuries<br> The Age of Discovery and the Changing Fortunes of the European States<br> The Evolution of Northern Society and Culture …<br> The Growth of Secular Culture and Lay Piety in the North<br> Humanism in the North <br> The Vernacular Literatures in the North <br> The Art of the Northern Renaissance<br> Conclusion |
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