| 这是一部讨论语言测试问题的学术专著，作者B·斯伯尔斯基是以色列巴依兰大学的英语教授，从事语言测试研究多年，在这方面有丰富的经验和丰硕的成果。本书汇集了翔实的史料，介绍了客观语言测试在20世纪的发展，为研究人员了解英语测试的历史以及展望未来可能的发展前景提供了可贵的背景资料。 |
| acknowledgements preface acronyms prolegomena read this carefully before starting the test answer in 500 words: what is a test? technology and its uses or misuses pedagogical testing qualifying tests wider uses and stronger a short history part onethe history of the objective language test 2the encroaching power of examinations shibboleths and other punishments the chinese principle liberty, equality, and examinations the triumph of the competitive examination the unavoidable uncertainty of the traditional examination for the numbers came the measurement of intelligence .the new-type language test: 1913-1935 beginnings of language tests the 1913 committee the army alpha tests objective testing captures american education the growth of new-type testing the modern language study and the american council alpha tests other standardized tests spreading the psychometric hegemony objectivity or control? the college board examination to test competence in the english language essay grading the cambridge examinations in english for foreigners repatriating reliability 5new technologies and consumer protection testing of aural comprehension progress in language testing in the 1930s new foreign language tests in britain non-pedagogical uses of language tests technological advances in language testing in the 1930s consumer protection and the buros reviews 6language testing goes to war: 1940--1945 oral language proficiency us language testing goes to war: 1943-1945 a wartime proposal post-war impact of the army specialized training program cambridge examinations in wartime 7prognostication and aptitude: 1925-1960 some early tests of prognosis the symonds' tests of prognosis kaulfers on prognosis other studies of prognosis the army ucla aptitude study the prediction of success in intensive foreign language training the modern language aptitude test the state of prophecy 8language testing in the national interest intensity and the cold war modern language testing at the end of the 1940s the 1947 english examination for foreign students professionalization 9testing goes professional the incorporation of language testing meeting at meetings the state of the art in 1954 10 language testing triumphant: 1954-1965 maturity speaking functionally at foggy bottom the college board tests in 1954: objectivity triumphant the northeast conference: aural and oral resting the modern language association foreign language proficiency tests objectivity challenged part twotoefl and the rise of the transatlantic english testingindustry 11english tests for foreigners: 1945-1960 english language testing at michigan the american university language center tests lackland air force base british testing in the post-war period the cambridge examinations in english after 1945 12 the idea of toefl plans and participants discussions and decisions 13 toefl: gestation the educational testing service interest and the end of the english examination for foreign students implementing the plan 14 the birth of toefl the national council starts work affiliations and plans the second council meeting, may 1962 negotiating tally-ho 15action in the boardrooms the college board defends its turf ford decides the council acts, may 1963 16 toefl in action the toefl programme starts work the final form of the first test the programme in operation in 1964 a bid for freedom 17 dividing up the pot the second and last year salvage operations the national council concedes toefl at princeton 18 the english testing industry growth of the toefl industry in princeton research and development at toefl the test of spoken english (tse) reliability of essays the test of written english (twe) other toefl initiatives toefl 2000 19the cambridge-princeton test race the cambridge examinations examined the other british tradition improving and internationalizing elts the flourishing english testing industry 20jubilee: an envoi objectivity dominant the search for the holy scale how much does it hurt? re-embodying language proficiency oedipal? but what if i don't like my mother either? check your answers before you hand in the paper bibliography index of personal names subject index |
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