| 书中着重处理的模糊现象有三类：第一类是模糊附加词；第二类是模糊词语；第三类是模糊蕴含。 |
编者：(英)查奈尔 .. << 查看详细 |
| acknowledgements. the author and series editors foreword text data, its sources, and presentation chapter 1 what is vague language? 1.1 introduction 1.2 defining vague language 1.3 vagueness and communication 1.4 the treatment of vague language in this book 1.5 a working definition of vague language 1.6 the place of vagueness in the study of language 1.7 organization of the book chapter 2 theory and methodology of the study of vague language 2.1 idealization 2.2 meaning and what it means to study meaning 2.3 levels of analysis of language 2.4 making judgements about language 2.5 distinguishing between semantics and pragmatics 2.6 semantics 2.7 representations of meaning .2.8 pragmatics 2.9 'context' and 'pragmatics' 2.10 vagueness versus ambiguity 2.11 methodology 2.12 examples and other data 2.13 transcription of recorded data chapter 3 approximating quantities with numbers and approximators 3.1 introduction 3.2 the general meaning of approximator + n structures 3.3 about, around, and round distribution and structure meaning 3.4 approximately distribution meaning 3.5 norm intonation distribution meaning 3.6 n or so distribution meaning 3.7 partial specifiers 3.8 combinations of approximators 3.9 numbers in approximations approximators with and without round numbers 3.10 implicatures and entailments of approximator + n structures 3.11 cross-linguistic comparison 3.12 summary chapter 4 approximating quantities with round numbers 4.1 using a precise number with a vague meaning 4.2 'round' numbers= reference point numbers 4.3 'faded' numbers as approximations 4.4 how do we know when an apparently exact number is an approximation? 4.5 exaggeration 4.6 using a plural number name to approximate a quantity meaning 4.7 cross-linguistic comparison 4.8 summary chapter 5 approximating quantities with non-numerical vague quantifiers 5.1 introduction 5.2 approach 5.3 plural quantifier + of + noun bags (o19 loads (o19 lots (o19 masses (o19 oodles (o19 5.4 a + singular quantifier (+ of + noun) a bit of a load of a lot (o19 a mass of a scrap (o19 a toucb of 5.5 other uses of pseudopartitives.. 5.6 vague quantifier + countable noun (a) few some several many umpteen 5.7 adverbs of frequency 5.8 summary chapter 6 referring vaguely to categories 6.1 introduction 6.2 an outline analysis 6.3 testing for the meaning of vague category identifiers method results and discussion responses to items in rosch's categories responses to real examples general conclusions from the results 6.4 the structure of the tags 6.5 structure of exemplar + tag noun phrase + tag verb phrase + tag embedded sentence + tag prepositional phrase + tag adjectives, adverbs + tags intonation and vague tagging 6.6 co-occurrence restrictions 6.7 summary chapter 7 tbingy and wbatsisname: placeholder words 7.1 introduction 7.2 examples tbingy tbingummy, thingummyjig, thingummabob whatsisname whatnot whosit whatsit 7.3 semantics and pragmatics 7.4 summary chapter 8 the uses of vague language 8.1 introduction 8.2 analytical approach 8.3 three scenarios showing vagueness eighty or so pence elaborated code and things like that humorous effects 8.4 giving the right amount of information 8.5 deliberately withholding information 8.6 using language persuasively 8.7 lexical gaps 8.8 lacking specific information 8.9 displacement 8.10 self-protection 8.11 power and politeness 8.12 informality and atmosphere 8.13 women's language 8.14 summary chapter 9 going beyond the information given 9.1 summary 9.2 implications for language understanding vagueness and categorization 9.3 language and the world 9.4 consequences for linguistics 9.5 applications of the study of vague language in english english language teaching communication skills teaching vagueness and politeness lexicography 9.6 an exercise on the analysis of vague language 9.7 looking forward bibliography glossary index... |
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