Preface Some years ago, I published a collection of essays under the title American Conservative Thought in the Twentieth Century. (I entitled the trade book edition Did You Ever See a Dream Walking?) The study was one part of the extensive American Heritage Series put out by Bobbs-Merrill under the general editorship of Professors Leonard Levy and Alfred Young. Almost two decades have gone by since the book s appearance, and few would deny that during that time much has happened that explicates conservative thought. No one would deny that political action of historic consequence has issued from such thought. It did not surprise me when, a year ago, I was asked by Harper & Row to bring out a new edition of the book. To do this competently, I needed the help of a scholar in whom I had confidence, who had spent time during recent years studying the relevant literature. I was lucky to have discovered Charles Kesler while he was still in high school as something of a prodigy. He graduated magna cum laude from Harvard in 1978 and got his Ph.D. there in political science in 1985, having written a dissertation on Cicero and the Natural Law. He agreed to collaborate with me. To my surprise, what grew out of a fresh scholarly investigation was a book substantially new. Only 30 percent of the essays published in the 1970 volume survive. It isn t that the discarded material is less interesting now than then. But perspectives change, new authors write, and old authors whose work was neglected sometimes reappear with fresh rele- vance. And, of course, there is the problem of space. It became necessary, at the end, for us to discard eight essays we had intended to include. Along the way, I suggested that Kesler take primary responsibility for the volume, given his more recent experience with the material. We agreed that the book should retain much of the introductory material I provided in the original volume, including, material I wrote to introduce the discrete sections. (They remain substar~lly the same: The Quest for a Tradition; the Status of Freedom; the Cr~ique of Rationalism; Political Economy and the Welfare State; Contemporary Challenges and the So-
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