The Dynamics of Environmental and Economic Systems

Introduction VALERIA COSTANTINI AND MASSIMILIANO MAZZANTI PART I Modelling Macroeconomic Scenarios: Energy Issues, Economic Performances and Environmental Policy 1 The GTAP-E: Model Description and Improvements ALESSANDRO ANTIMIANI, VALERIA COSTANTINI, CHIARA MARTINI, ALESSANDRO PALMA AND MARIA CRISTINA TOMMASINO 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Bottom-Up and Top-Down Models 1.3 The GTAP Model 1.3.1 An Overview 1.3.2 The GTAP Database 1.3.3 Model Structure 1.4 The GTAP-E Model 1.4.1 Production Structure 1.4.2 Consumption Structure 1.4.3 CO2 Emissions and Related Parameters 1.4.4 The GTAP-E Revised Version 1.5 Model Improvements 1.5.1 CO2 Emissions Data Calibration 1.5.2 Updated Substitution Elasticities in the Capital-Energy Nest 1.5.3 Model Setting and Baseline 1.6 Conclusions and Future Research Steps References 2 Carbon Leakage and Trade Adjustment Policies ALESSANDRO ANTIMIANI, VALERIA COSTANTINI, CHIARA MARTINI, LUCA SALVATICI AND MARIA CRISTINA TOMMASINO 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Carbon Leakage as a Side Effect of Climate Policies 2.2.1 A Definition of Carbon Leakage 2.2.2 How to Design Carbon Border Tax Adjustments 2.3 Scenario Setting 2.4 Empirical Results 2.5 Conclusions References 3 Theoretical Approaches to Dynamic Efficiency in Policy Contexts. The Case of Renewable Electricity PABLO DEL RIO AND MERCEDES BLEDA 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Theoretical Approaches to Analysis of Innovation Effects of RES-E Support 3.2.1 The Traditional Economics Perspective 3.2.2 The Systems of Innovation Perspective 3.2.3 The Literature On Learning Effects 3.3 Combining Different Perspectives: Points of Complementarity and Conflict 3.4 Conclusions References 4 Energy Efficiency Policy in the US: The Impact of the Industrial Assessment Centres (IAC) Programme and State and Regional Climate Policy Actions LUIS MARIA ABADIE, RAMON ARIGONI ORTIZ, IBON GALARRAGA AND ANIL MARKANDYA 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Determinants of Investments in Energy Efficiency 4.2.1 Investment Decision: Previous Evidence 4.2.2 The IAC Database 2011 4.2.3 The Decision Concerning Energy Efficiency Investment in the IAC Programme 4.3 Impact of the IAC Programme and the US EPA State and Regional Climate Policies 4.3.1 Panel Data of Emissions 4.3.2 The State and Regional Climate Policy Actions 4.3.3 Estimations 4.4 Conclusions References Appendix 5 Porter Reloaded: The Role and Effectiveness of Environmental and Social Regulations for Realizing Innovation offsets and Enhancing Firm Competitiveness MARCUS WAGNER 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Development of Research Questions 5.3 Data and Methods 5.4 Results 5.4.1 Case Based Analysis 5.4.2 Survey Analysis 5.5 Conclusions References PART II Environmental Innovation and Competitiveness: Linking Micro, Meso and Macro Analysis in the Dynamics 6 Implications of Policy Uncertainty for Innovation in Environmental Technologies. The Case of Public R&D Budgets MARGARITA KALAMOVA, NICK JOHNSTONE AND IVAN HASCIC 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Policy Uncertainty and Investment Irreversibility 6.3 Hypothesis 6.4 Data and Empirical Analysis 6.5 Conclusions and Policy Implications References Appendix 7 Eco-Activity and Innovativeness: What is Their Relation to Environmental Performance in Consumer Firms and Industrial Firms? RENE KEMP AND NICOLINE OEHME 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Sample 7.3 Analysis of Environmental Performance and Innovativeness 7.4 Analysis of Non-Environmental Social and Environmental Performance 7.5 Conclusions References Appendix 8 Environmental Policy and Induced Technological Change in European Industries FRANCESCO CRESPI 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Theoretical Background and Empirical Issues 8.3 Data Description 8.4 The Econometric Model 8.5 Empirical Results 8.6 Conclusions References 9 Closing the Gap? Dynamic Analyses of Emission Efficiency and Sector Productivity in Europe GIOVANNI MARIN 9.1 Introduction 9.2 The Empirical Model 9.3 Dataset Description 9.4 Empirical Results 9.5 Conclusions References Appendix 10 Waste Technology Inventions and Policy Effects in Dynamic Settings. Evidence from OECD Patent Data FRANCESCO NICOLLI 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Waste, Environmental Policies and Technological Innovation 10.3 Research Hypothesis, Data and Methodology 10.3.1 Patent Data 10.3.2 Relevant Policies 10.3.3 Other Explanatory Variables 10.4 Empirical Results 10.5 Conclusions References 11 Biopat: An Investigation Tool for Analysis of Industry Evolution, Technological Paths and Policy Impact in the Biofuels Sector VALERIA COSTANTINI, FRANCESCO CRESPI AND YLENIA CURCI 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The IPC System and the Green Inventory Database 11.3 The Biopat Methodology 11.4 Database Structure and Preliminary Descriptive Statistics 11.5 Conclusions References Appendix Index