| Chapter 1 Basic Principles of Geometrical Optics 1.1 Waves and Rays 1.2 Basic Laws of Geometrical Optics 1.3 Refractive Index and Speed of Light 1.4 Reversibility of Ray Paths and Total Internal Reflection 1.5 Vector Form of Basic Laws 1.6 Classification of Optical Systems and Concept of Imaging 1.7 Ideal Images and Ideal Optical Systems Chapter 2 Image Formation of Symmetrical Systems Made from Spherical Surfaces 2.1 Ray Tracing Formulae for Symmetrical Systems Made from Spherical Surfaces 2.2 Sign Conventions 2.3 Imaging Characters and Ray Tracing in the Paraxial Region 2.4 Basic Formulae of the Paraxial Region 2.5 Cardinal Points of an Optical System 2.6 Principal Planes and Focal Points of a Single Refracting Surface 2.7 Principal Planes and Focal.Points of a Coaxial Spheric System 2.8 Chart.lllustration forlmage Formation 2.9 Image Positions and Sizes 2.10 Magnifications of Optical Systems 2.11 The Opticallnvariant 2.12 Relationship Between the Front and Back Effective Focal Lengths 2.13 Nodal Planes and Nodal Points 2.14 Image Height of the Object at Infinity 2.15 Combination ofldeal Optical Systems 2.16 Ray Tracing for Ideal Optical Systems 2.17 Equations for Calculating the Positions of the Principal Planes and Focal Points of a Single Lens Chapter 3 Instruments for Human Eyes 3.1 Characteristics of the Eye 3.2 Principles of the Magnifier and the Microscope 3.3 Principle of the Telescope 3.4 Defects of Eyes and Diopter Accommodation of Optical Instruments 3.5 Spatial Depth of Focus and Stereoscopic Effect 3.6 Binocular Instruments Chapter 4 Mirror and Prism Systems 4.1 Applications of Mirror and Prism Systems in Optical Instruments 4.2 Imaging Properties of Mirrors 4.3 Rotation of Mirrors 4.4 Prism and Its Unfolding 4.5 Roof Surfaces and Roof Prisms 4.6 Imaging Properties of the Parallel Glass Block and Prism Size Calculation 4.7 Determination of Image Orientations for Mirrors and Prisms 4.8 Combination of the Coaxial System and the Mirror and Prism System 4.9 Prism Rotation Law Chapter 5 Selection of Image Rays in Optical Systems 5.1 Stop and Its Application 5.2 Selection of Imaging Rays in Telescope Systems 5.3 Selection of Imaging Rays in the Microscope and Telecentric System 5.4 Field Lenses 5.5 Depth of Field Chapter 6 Basics of Radiometry and Photometry 6.1 Solid Angle and Its Applications in Photometry 6.2 Basic Ideas in Radiometry 6.3 Relative Sensitivity of the Eye to Different Wavelengths 6.4 Basic Ideas in Photometry 6.5 Illuminance Formula and the Cosine Law of Luminous Intensity 6.6 Luminance of the Perfect Diffusive Surface …… Chapter 7 Image Quality of Optical Systems Chapter 8 Telescopes and Microscopes Chapter 9 Cameras and Projectors Chapter 10 Other Optical Systems Vocabulary Bibliography |
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