| THE ANNUAL labour of every nation is the fund which originally supplies it with all the necessaries and conveniencies of life which it annually consumes， and which consist always either in the immediate produce of that labour， or in what is purchased with that produce from other nations. According， therefore， as this produce， or what is purchased with it， bears a greater or smaller proportion to the number of those who are to consume it， the nation will be better or worse supplied with all the necessaries and conveniencies for which it has occasion. |
| ADAM SMITH （1723-I790） was a Scottish social philosopher and a pioneer ofpolitical economy. One of the key figures of the Scottish Enlightenment， Smithis the author of The Theoryof Moral Sentiments and An Inqunyinto the Naarre and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. The latter， usually abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations，is considered his magnum opus and the first modern work of economics. It earned him an enormous reputation and would become one ofthe most influential works on economics ever published Smithis widely cited as the father of modern economics and capitalism. |
| INTRODUCTION AND PLAN OF THE WORK BOOK Ⅰ. OF THE CAUSES OF IMPROVEMENT IN THE PRODUCTIVE POWERS OF LABOUR,AND OF THE ORDER ACCORDING TO WHICH ITS PRODUCE IS NATURALLY DISTRIBUTED AM'ONG THE DIFFERENT RANKS OF THE PEOPLE CHAPTER Ⅰ. OF THE DIVISION OF LABOUR CHAPTER Ⅱ. OF THE PRINCIPLE WHICH GIVES OCCASION TO THE DIVISION OF LABOUR CHAPTER Ⅲ. THAT THE DIVISION OF LABOUR IS LIMITED BY THE EXTENT OF THE MARKET CHAPTER Ⅳ. OF THE ORIGIN AND USE OF MONEY CHAPTER Ⅴ. OF THE REAL AND NOMINAL PRICE OF COMMODITIES, OR OF THEIR PRICE IN LABOUR, AND THEIR PRICE IN MONEY CHAPTER Ⅵ. OF THE COMPONENT PART OF THE PRICE OF COMMODITIES CHAPTER Ⅶ. OF THE NATURAL AND MARKET PRICE OF COMMODITIES CHAPTER Ⅷ. OF THE WAGES OF LABOUR CHAPTER Ⅸ. OF THE PROFITS OF STOCK CHAPTER Ⅹ. OF WAGES AND PROFIT IN THE DIFFERENT EMPLOYMENTS OF LABOUR AND STOCK CHAPTER XL OF THE RENT OF IAND BOOK Ⅱ. OF THE NATURE, ACCUMULATION, AND EMPLOYMENT OF STOCK CHAPTER Ⅰ. OF THE DIVISION OF STOCK CHAPTER Ⅱ. OF MONEY, CONSIDERED AS APARTICUIAR BRANCH OF THE GENERAL STOCK OF THE SOCIETY, OR OF THE EXPENSE OF MAINTAINING THE NATIONAL CAPITAL CHAPTER Ⅲ. OF THE ACCUMULATION OF CAPITAL, OR OF PRODUCTIVE AND UNPRODUCTIVE ABOUR CHAPTER Ⅳ. OF STOCK LENT AT INTEREST CHAPTER Ⅴ. OF THE DIFFERENT EMPLOYMENTS OF CAPITALS BOOK Ⅲ. OF THE DIFFERENT PROGRESS OF OPULENCE IN DIFFERENT NATIONS CHAPTER Ⅰ. OF THE NATURAL PROGRESS OF OPULENCE CHAPTER Ⅱ. OF THE DISCOURAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN THE ANCIENT STATE OF EUROPE, AFTER THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE CHAPTER Ⅲ. OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF CITIES AND TOWNS, AFTER THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE CHAPTER Ⅳ. HOW THE COMMERCE OF TOWNS CONTRIBUTED TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE COUNTRY BOOK Ⅳ. OF SYSTEMS OF POLITICAL ECONOMY CHAPTER Ⅰ. OF THE PRINCIPLE OF THE COMMERCIAL OR MERCANTILE SYSTEM …… BOOK Ⅴ. OF THE REVENUE OF THE SOVEREIGN OR COMMONWEALTH |
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