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| CHARLES ROBERT DARWIN was born in 1809 in Shrewsbury, England, to a wealthy intellectual family, his grandfather being the famous physician Erasmus Darwin. At Cambridge University he formed a friendship with J. S. Henslow, a professor of botany, and that association, along with his enthusiasm for collecting beetles, led to "a burning zeal," as he wrote in his Autobiography, for the natural sciences. When Henslow obtained for him the post of naturalist on H.M.S. Beagle, the course of his life was fixed. The five-year-long voyage to the Southern Hemisphere between 1831 and 1836 would lay the foundation for his ideas about evolution and natural selection. Upon his return Darwin lived in London before retiring to his residence at Down, a secluded village in Kent. For the next forty years he conducted his research there and wrote the works that would change human understanding forever. Knowing of the resistance from the orthodox scientific and religious communities, Darwin published The Origin of Species in 1859 only when another naturalist, Alfred Russel Wallace, independently reached the same conclusions. His other works include The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (1871) and Recollections of My Mind and Character, also titled Autobiography (1887). Charles Darwin's Diary of the Voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle was published posthumously in 1933. Darwin died in 1882; he is buried in Westminster Abbey. 查理·达尔文(1809—1882年)，英国博物学家，进化论奠基者。22岁从剑桥大学毕业后．以博物学家的身份乘“贝格尔号”作历时五年的环旅行，并由此形成了生物进化的观点。l859年，达尔文发表划时代巨著——《物种起源》。震惊了科学界和整个世界。达尔文在该书中重点阐述并论证了高等生物是由低等生物逐渐演变而来的进化论思想，并提出了以自然选择、适者生存为基础的进化学说。进化论、能量守恒和转换定律、细胞学说，被恩格斯高度评价为“19世纪自然科学的三大发现”。 |
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