Looking for Spinoza（ISBN=9780156028714）

　　In the seventeenth century, the philosopher Spinoza examined the role emotion played in human survival and culture. Yet hundreds of years and many significant scientific advances later, the neurobiological roots of joy and sorrow remain a mystery. Today, we spend countless resources doctoring our feelings with alcohol, prescription drugs, health clubs, therapy, vacation retreats, and other sorts of consumption; still, the inner workings of our minds-what feelings are, how they work, and what they mean-are largely an unexplored frontier.With scientific expertise and literary facility, bestselling author and world famous neuroscientist Antonio Damasio concludes his groundbreaking trilogy in Looking for Spinoza, exploring the cerebral processes that keep us alive and make life worth living.

　　Born in Portugal, Antonio Damasio is Van Allen Distinguished Professor and head of the department of neurology at the University of Iowa College of Medicine, and Adjunct Professor at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California. He is the author of Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain and The Feeling of What Happens: Body, Emotion and the Making of Consciousness.

CHAPTER 1  Enter Feelings
　Enter Feelings
　The Hague
　Looking for Spinoza
　Beware
　In the Paviljoensgracht
CHAPTER 2  Of Appetites and Emotions
　Trust Shakespeare
　Emotions Precede Feelings
　A Nesting Principle
　More on the Emotion.Related Reactions:
　From Simple Homeostatic Regulation
　to Emotions-Proper
　The Emotions of Simple Organisms
　The Emotions-Proper
　A Hypothesis in the Form of a Definition
　The Brain Machinery of Emotion
　Triggering and Executing Emotions
　Out of the Blue
　The Brain Stem Switch
　Out-of-the-Blue Laughter
　Laughter and Some More Crying
　From the Active Body to the Mind
CHAPTER 3  Feelings
　What Feelings Are
　Is There More to Feelings than the Perception of Body State?
　Feelings Are Interactive Perceptions
　Mixing Memory with Desire: An Aside
　Feelings in the Brain: New Evidence
　A Comment on Related Evidence
　Some More Corroborating Evidence
　The Substrate of Feelings
　Who Can Have Feelings?
　Body States versus Body Maps
　Actual Body States and Simulated Body States
　　Natural Analgesia
　　Empathy
　Hallucinating the Body
　The Chemicals of Feeling
　Varieties of Drng-Induced Felicity
　Enter the Naysayers
　More Naysayers
CHAPTER 4  Ever Since Feelings
　of joy and Sorrow
　Feelings and Social Behavior
　Inside a Decision-Making Mechanism
　What the Mechanism Accomplishes
　The Bi'eakdown of a Normal Mechanism
　Damage to Prefrontal Cortex in the Very Young
　……
Index