Ethics (Wordsworth Classics of World Literature)尼各马科伦理学

Benedict de Spinoza lived a life of blameless simplicity as a lens-grinder in Holland. And yet in his lifetime, he was expelled from the Jewish community in Amsterdam as a heretic, and after his death his words were first banned by the Christian authorities as atheistic, then hailed by humanists as the gospel of Pantheism. His "Ethics Demonstrated in Geometrical Order" shows us the reality behind this enigmatic figure. First published by his friends after his premature death at the age of 44, the "Ethics" uses the methods of Euclid to describe a single entity, properly called both "God" and "Nature", of which mind and matter are two manifestations. From this follow, in ways that are strikingly modern, the identity of mind and body, the necessary causation of events and actions, and the illusory nature of free will.

INTRODUCTION
TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE
PARALLEL PASSAGES FROM BRUNO
FIRST PART
of god
SECOND PART
Of the Nature and Origin of the Mind
THIRD PART
On the Origin and Nature of the Affects
FOURTH PART
Of Human Bondage, or of the Strength of the Affects
FIFTH PART
Of the Power of the Intellect, or of Human Liberty
GUIDE TO USING THE INDEX
INDEX