Joseph Conrad, christened Josef Teodor Konrad, Nalecz
Korzeniowski, was born on December 3, 1857, in a part of Russia
that had once belonged to Poland. His parents were members of the
landed gentry, but as ardent Polish patriots, the suffered
considerably for their political views. Orphaned at eleven, Conrad
attended school for a few years in Cracow, He soon concluded,
however, that there was no future for a Pole in occupied Poland,
and at sixteen he left his ancestral home forever.
The sea was Conrad's love and career for the next twenty years. In
the French merchant marine, he sailed to the West. Indies, smuggled
guns to Spanish rebels, ran into debt, and bungled a suicide
attempt Then in the British merchant navy, he rose to first mate
and finally to captain, sailing to Australia and Borneo and
surviving at least one shipwreck. In 1890 he contracted to become
captain of a Congo River steamer, but the six months he spent in
Africa led only to disillusionment and ill health; this episode
would become the basis for Conrad's masterpiece, Heart of Darkness.
Reluctantly leaving the merchant service, he settled in England and
completed his first novel, Almayer's Folly, already begun at
sea.
Hi subsequent works, many of which drew upon his sea experiences,
include The Nigger of the "Narcissus" (1897), Lord
Jim (1900), Heart of Darkness (1902), Youth
(1902) Typhoon (1903), Nastromo (1904), The Secret
Agent (1907), The Secret Sharer (1910), Under the
Western Eyes (1911), and Chance (1913). The man who was
twenty-one years old before he spoke a word of English is now
regarded as one of the superb English stylists of all time. Conrad
died almost literally on his desk in 1924, at the age of
sixty-six.
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