| Chapter 1 Introduction： Linguistics and Schools of Linguistics 1.1 What Is Linguistics? 1.2 Schools of Linguistics Chapter Traditional Grammar 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Sanskrit Grammar in Ancient India 2.2 Grammar in Ancient Greece 2.3 Grammar in Ancient Rome 2.4 Grammar in the Middle Ages 2.5 Linguistics from the Renaissance to the 18th Century 2.6 Linguistic Tradition in the Middle East and China 2.7 Summary Chapter 3 Historical and Comparative Linguistics 3.0 Introduction 3.1 Early Development of Historical Linguistics 3.2 Rask, Grimm and Bopp 3.3 Wilhelm von Humboldt 3.4 Historical Linguistics in the Mid - 19th Century 3.5 The Study of Ablaut 3.6 Neogrammarians 3.7 Jespersen and International Phonetic Alphabet 3.8 Summary Chapter 4 Schools of European Structuralism 4.0 Introduction 4.1 Saussure and Course in General Linguistics 4.1.1 Historical Background and Sources of Saussures Ideas 4.1.2 Saussures Contributions to General Linguistics 4.1.2.1 Langue vs.Parole 4.1.2.2 Signifier vs.Signified 4.1.2.3 Arbitrariness 4.1.2.4 Linear Nature （ Syntagmatic vs.Paradigmatic） 4.1.2.5 Synchronic Linguistics vs.Diachronic Linguistics …… Chapter 5 SchooIs of American Descriptivism and Structuralism Chapter 6 Generative ZSchools Chapter 7 London School Chapter 8 Systemic Functional School Chapter 9 American Functional Schools Chapter 10 Cognitive Linguistic School |
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