| Part I：Laying a Strong Foundation for Writing： Composing Stages and Wrriting Standards 第一部分写作基础：写作步骤和写作标准 1．Introduction 1．1 The Importance of Essay Writing 1．2 Levels of（American）College Student Essays 1．3 Common College Essay Assignments 1．4 The Aim and Organization of the Book 2．How to Generate Ideas：Planning 2．1 Find a Good Topic 2．2 Understand a Given Topic 2．3 Generate Ideas for a Topic 2．4 Get a Plan for Organization 2．5 Use Criteria to Form Strong Main Points 3．How to Organize Ideas：Drafting 3．1 Drafting versus Planning 3．2 Outlining before Drafting 3．3 Writing the Introduction 3．4 Writing Body Paragraphs 3．5 Writing the Conclusion 4．How to Polish Ideas：Revising 4．1 Be Willing to Make Changes 4．2 Understand Writing Standards：Unity，Coherence and Support 4．3 Revise for Better Focus and Organization 4．4 Revise for Better Coherence 4．5 Revise for Better Support 4．6 Revise for Grammatical Correctness PartⅡ：wrua，~to Share 第二部分分享写作 5．Sharing Experiences：Narrating 5．1 HOW to Plan for a Narrative 5．2 How to Organize a Narrative：Narrative Structure 5．3 How to Maintain a Clear Narrative Sequence 5．4 How to Establish a Credible Narrator and Point Of View 5．5 How to Tell a Compelling Story Student Essay The Kiss Samuef H Scudder“Take This Fish and Look at It” Edgar Alan Poe The Tell—Tale Heart 6．Sharing Images and Impressions：Describing 6．1 Using Objective and Subjective Description 6．2 Describing with Sensory Details 6．3 Describing with Figurative Language 6．4 Creating Physical Image and Character Image 6．5 Creating Images with Dialogue and Example William Spooner Donald Will Someone Please Hiccup My Pat? Stephen Leacock My Discovery of England 7．Sharing Examples：Illustrating 7．1 Consider This Example 7．2 Illustrate a Point with Specific Examples 7．3 Illustrate a Point with Typical Examples 7．4 Use Both Types of Examples John Leo No Books，Please；We’re Students Samuel Johnson On the Art of Advertising Stephen King Ever Et Raw Meat? 8．Sharing Ideas：Informing 8．1 Topics for an Informative Essay 8．2 How to Plan for an Informational Essay 8．3 How to Organize an Informative Essay 8．4 How to Make an Essay（More）Informative Student Essay Attaining Success in College Sherry Sweetnam How to Organize Your Thoughts for Better Communication Jeanine Barone Surprising Super Foods Part Ⅲ：Writing to Understand 第三部分认识写作 9．Understanding Causes and Effects：Analyzing 9．1 Understanding Analytical Skills：A Hypothetical Scenario 9．2 Defining“Analysis” 9．3 Analyzing for Effects 9．4 Analyzing for Causes 9．5 Writing about Both Effects and Causes Student Essay Study Habit Blues Jason Vest，Warren Cohen，and Mike Tharp Road Rage 10．Understanding Similarities and Differences：Comparing and Contrasting 10．1 Comparing for Similarities 10．2 Contrast fhr Differences 10．3 Comparing and Contrasting for a Real Purpose Joseph Brant Indian Civilization VS．White Civilization Sydney Harris The Difference between Winners and Whiners Lewis Carroll Feeding the Mind Karen Heller Is He Husband Material or a Boyfriend Kind of Guy? 11．Understanding Types：Classifying 11．1 How to Plan for a New Classification 11．2 How to Formulate Clear Categories 11．3 How to Use an Old Classification for a New Purpose 11．4 How to Organize a Classification Essay Student Essay Cat Categories Tom Bodett Dish Demeanor Sigmund Freud Libidinal Types Margot Mifflin The Ten Most Memorable Bores 12．Understanding Opinions：Arguing 12．1 The Need to Argue 12．2 How to Plan for an Argumentative Essay 12．3 How to Argue with a Credible Persona 12．4 How to Argue with Aristotle’S Three Appeals 12．5 How to Avoid Logic Fallacies when Arguing Student Esay Let’S Drive Fifty．five David Segal Excuuuse Me Oliver Goldsmith National Prejudices Part IV：w，．ua，ng to Explore 第四部分探研写作 13．Exploring Literature 13．1 Understanding Literature 13·2 Two Methods of Literary Criticism：ExplicatiOn and Analysis 13．3 Literary Forms：the Basics 13．4 What to Focus on When Analyzing a Novel 13．5 How to Organize an Essay on a Novel Virginia Woolf What the Novelist Gives Us D．H．wrence Why the Novel Matters Mark Twain Extracts from Adam’S Diary 14．Exploring Research 14．1 Understanding Research 14．2 Conducting Empirical Research 14．3 Conducting Library and Intemet Research 14．4 Writing the Research Paper A Self-Testing Exercise on Source Use and MLA Documentation Laura Holupka The Sun Also Rises： A Glimpse into the Life of Ernest Hemingway Denise E．Macedo The Mysterious Love Life of Henry James Jennife Eriguel The Three Main Themes in Henry James，Works Answers and Explanations on the Self-Testing Exercise Appendix 附录 Credits 参考书目 |
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