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| 《神经系统（第2版）》主要介绍：The Systems of the Body series has established itself as a valuable resource for allmedical and other health science students following system-based courses. In thissecond edition all the volumes have been updated to take into account feedback fromreaders of the first edition. Each volume conunues to present the core knowledge ofbasic science and clinical conditions that medical students need， offering an integratedview of the system unavailable from standard textbooks. An expanded selection ofThis book brings to life the basic science of the nervous sy.stem andits major diseases. After early chapters on its general organxzationand cellular and molecular mechanisms， clinical scenarios are usedto introduce and discuss the knowledge required for diagnosis andtreatment of major conditions of the nervous system.Organization of the nervous system、Elements of cellular and molecular neuroscience、Clinical examination、Spinal cord、Pain and analgesia、Cranial nerves and the brainstem、The visual system、Hearing and balance： the auditory and vestibular systems、Motor systems I： descending pathways and cerebellum、Motor systems II： the basal ganglia、Stroke and head injury、Infection in the central nervous system、Epilepsy、Dementia、Schizophrenia、Depression and anxiety、AddictionThe Nervous System is ideal for medical students， and also for studentsof other health professions taking systems-based courses. |
| 1 ORGANIZATION OFTHE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1 Introduction 2 Overview of brain anatomy 2 Internal anatomy of the brain 5 Ventricular system 10 Forebrain 11 Hemisphere specialization 12 Limbic system 14 Orbitofrontal cortex 17 Basal ganglia 17 Diencephalon 17 Thalamus 18 Hypothalamus 19 Peripheral nervous system 21 Putting it all together： from anatomy to behaviour 29 2 ELEMENTS OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE 31 Introduction 32 Neurones 32 Glial cells 34 Neurone excitability 35 Neurotransmitters 41 Postsynaptic events and postsynaptic receptors 42 3 CLINICAL EXAMINATION 47 Introduction 48 Parts of the clinical examination 48 Other investigations 55 General comments 57 4 THE SPINAL CORD 59 Introduction 60 Gross anatomy of the spinal cord and vertebral column 60 Functional organization of the spinal cord 61 Spinal cord cell types 63 Receptive fields 64 Somatosensory pathways 65 Blood supply to the spinal cord 71 Damage to the spinal cord 72 Comments on the case history 78 5 PAIN AND ANALGESIA 79 Introduction 80 Nociceptors 81 Pain pathways 82 How does the central nervous system interpret a stimulus as painful? 84 Physiology of pain modulation 86 Pain mechanisms after tissue damage： peripheral and central sensitization 90 Neuropathic pain mechanisms 92 Pharmacology of pain 93 Other approaches to pain management 99 General comments on pain management 104 6 CRANIAL NERVES AND THE BRAINSTEM 105 Introduction 106 Anatomical organization of cranial nerves in the brain 106 Internal organization of the brainstem 107 Reticular formation 109 Blood supply to the brainstem ~12 Brainstem reflexes 112 Brainstem lesions 116 Comments on the case history 118 7 THE VISUAL SYSTEM 121 Introduction 122 Structure of the eye 122 Visual pathways 125 Visual field defects 127 Pupillary light reflexes 127 Focusing of light on the retina 127 Control of eye movements 130 Structure and function of the retina 131 Processing of visual information 137 Summary 140 8 HEARING AND BALANCE： THE AUDITORY AND VESTIBULAR SYSTEMS 141 Introduction 142 The auditory system 142 The vestibular system 152 Comments on the case history 158 9 MOTOR SYSTEMS h DESCENDING PATHWAYS AND CEREBELLUM 159 Introduction 160 Skeletal muscle contraction 161 Reflexes 164 Descending pathways 167 Clinical importance of reflexes 172 The cerebellum 175 10 MOTOR SYSTEMS II： THE BASAL GANGLIA 181 Introduction 182 The basal ganglia： structure and organization 182 Parkinson's disease 184 Huntington's disease 194 11 STROKE AND HEAD iNJURY 199 Introduction 200 Physiological control of cdrebral blood flow 200 Blood supply to the brain 201 Venous system 204 Functional anatomy of the cerebral vasculature 205 Angiography 206 Stroke 206 Head injury 219 Comments on the case history 225 12 INFECTION IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 227 Introduction 228 Types of infection of the central nervous system 228 The meninges 229 Cerebrospinal fluid production and circulation 230 The blood-brain barrier 232 Meningitis 232 Diagnosis and treatment of meningitis 234 Treatment of meningitis 235 Encephalitis 235 Cerebral abscesses 235 Brain infections in the immunocompromised patient 236 13 EPILEPSY 237 Introduction 238 General description of epilepsy 238 Epidemiology of epilepsy 238 Types o.f epileptic syndrome 239 Diagnostic investigations of epilepsy 239 Different types of seizure 242 Neurobiology of epilepsy 243 Pharmacological treatment of epilepsy 246 Other treatments for epilepsy 248 Treatment of status epilepticus 249 Social consequences of epilepsy 249 14 DEMENTIA 251 Introduction 252 Causes and diagnosis of dementia 252 Neurobiology of learning and memory 253 Alzheimer's disease 256 Treatment of Alzheimer's disease 261 Other types of dementia 263 General considerations in the management of Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia 265 15 SCHIZOPHRENIA 267 Introduction 268 Schizophrenia： the clinical diagnosis 268 Aetiology of schizophrenia 271 Neurobiology of schizophrenia 272 Treatment of schizophrenia 275 Comments on the management of schizophrenia and the long-term prognosis 278 Other psychoses and schizophrenia-like syndromes 279 16 DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY 281 Introduction 282 Classification o~ mood disorders 282 Clinical features of mood disorders 282 Epidemiology of depression and natural evolution of the disease 283 Genetics of mood disorders 283 Neurobiology of depression 286 Treatment of depression 287 Bipolar disorder and its treatment 292 General comments on mood disorders 293 Need for new therapeutic targets 294 Comments on the case history 294 Anxiety disorders 294 Treatment of anxiety disorders 295 Insomnia 297 17 ADDICTION 301 Introduction 302 Addiction and drug misuse： general comments 302 Opiates 302 Cocaine and crack 304 Cannabis 305 Nicotine 307 Alcohol 308 Phencyclidine 309 Amphetamines 310 Ecstasy——or the beginning of agony? 310 Hallucinogens 311 Solvents 311 Neurobiology of addiction 312 Addiction and rehabilitation： general issues 313 Index 315 |
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