| 1 introduction introduction what is resiration? the need for resiration diffusion in resiration and the circulation timing in the circulation and resiration basic science of resiration drugs 2 structure of the resiratory system,related tofunction introduction the uer airways the intrathoracic airways blood vessels ulmonary hyertension the lymhatics the nerves gross structure of the resiratory system leurisy the diahragm and chest wall how breathing is brought about . embryology air-conditioning metabolic activity metabolism of circulating biologically activesubstances non-resiratory functions 3 elastic roerties of the resiratory system introduction intraleural ressure (l) static lung comliance (cl) the effect of disease the hysical basis of lung comliance 4 airflow in the resiratory system introduction how airflow is brought about the nature of airflow the major determinant of flow - radius airways resistance and obstructive ulmonary disease the clinical situation sites of airways resistance asthma and airways smooth muscle bronchomotor tone harmacological treatment of asthma clinical definitions bronchitis and mucus emhysema and radial traction intraleural ressure and cough clinical tests for changes in resistance work of breathing 5 ventilation of the resiratory system: the imortance ofits lack of uniformity in disease introduction sirometric abnormalities in disease uneven distribution dead sace. alveolar dead sace in disease the bohr equation factors affecting hysiological dead sace alveolar ventilation and resiratory exchange the alveolar gas equation distribution of insired gas other factors influencing distribution 6 gas exchange between air and blood:diffusion the ath from air to tissue lung disease and diffusion fick’s law of diffusion measuring transfer factor treating diffusion difficulties carbon dioxide and other gases 7 the ulmonary circulation: bringing blood and gastogether the functions of the ulmonary circulation the anatomy of the ulmonary circulation matching ventilation and erfusion distribution of blood flow through the lungs regional differences in ventilation in the lungs ventilation/erfusion matching and its effect on blood o and co content shunt 8 carriage of gases by the blood and acid/base balance introduction oxygen transort dissolved oxygen: do we really need hb and why kee it in red cells? carbon dioxide transort acid-base balance 9 chemical control of breathing introduction oxygen lack carbon dioxide excess 10 nervous control of breathing introduction the rhythm generator attern of breathing in cod the resiratory ’centres’ the medullary grous conscious control of breathing resiratory muscle innervation neuromuscular disorders vagal reflexes dysnoea other reflexes 11 lung function tests: measuring disability introduction sirometry flow measurements lethysmograhy lung mechanics transfer factor (diffusing caacity) blood gases gas washouts exercise testing challenge tests aendix: some basic science glossary index |
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