| PrefaceChapter 1: Ultraviolet and visible spectra1.1 Introduction1.2 Chromophores1.3 The absorption laws1.4 Measurement of the spectrum1.5 Vibrational fine structure1.6 Choice of solvent1.7 Selection rules and intensity1.8 Solvent effects1.9 Searching for a chromophore1.10 Definitions1.11 Conjugated dienes1.12 Polyenes1.13 Polyeneynes and poly-ynes1.14 Ketones and aldehydes; π-π* transitions1.15 Ketones and aldehydes; π-π* transitions1.16 α,β-Unsaturated acids, esters, nitriles and amides1.17 The benzene ring1.18 Substituted benzene rings1.19 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons1.20 Heteroaromatic compounds1.21 Quinones1.22 Corroles, chlorins and porphyrins1.23 Non-conjugated interacting chromophores1.24 The effect ofsteric hindrance to coplanarity1.25 Internet1.26 BibliographyChapter 2: Infrared spectra2.1 Introduction2.2 Preparation of samples and examination in an infrared spectrometer2.3 Examination in a Raman spectrometer2.4 Selection rules2.5 The infrared spectrum2.6 The use of the tables of characteristic group frequencies2.7 Absorption frequencies of single bonds to hydrogen 3600-2000 cm-2.8 Absorption frequencies of triple and cumulated double bonds2300-1930 cm-2.9 Absorption frequencies of the double-bond region 1900-1500 em-12.10 Groups absorbing in the fingerprint region 2.11 Internet2.12 Bibliography2.13 Correlation charts2.14 Tables of dataChapter 3: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra3.1 Nuclear spin and resonance3.2 The measurement of spectra3.3 The chemical shift3.4 Factors affecting the chemical shift3.4.1 Intramolecular factors affecting the chemical shift3.4.2 Intermolecular factors affecting the chemical shift3.5 Spin-spin coupling to 13C3.5.1 13C-2H Coupling3.5.2 13C-1H Coupling3.5.3 13C-13C Coupling3.6 1H-1H Vieinal coupling (3JHH)3.7 1H-1H Geminal coupling (2JHH)3.8 1H-1H Long-range coupling (4JHH and 5JHH)3.9 Deviations from first-order coupling3.10 The magnitude of 1H-1H coupling constants3.10.1 Vicinal coupling 3JHH3.10.2 Geminal coupling (2JHH)3.10.3 Long-range coupling (4JHH and 5JHH)3.11 Line broadening and environmental exchange3.11.1 Efficient relaxation3.11.2 Environmental exchange3.12 Improving the NMR spectrum3.12.1 The effect of changing the magnetic field3.12.2 Shift reagents3.12.3 Solvent effects3.13 Spin decoupling3.13.1 Simple spin decoupling3.13.2 Difference decoupling3.14 The nuclear Overhanser effect3.14.1 Origins3.14.2 NOE Difference spectra3.15 Assignment ofCH3, CH2, CH and quaternary carbons in 13C NMR3.16 Identifying spin systems——1D-TOCSY3.17 The separation of chemical shift and coupling onto different axes3.18 Two-dimensional NMR3.19 COSY spectra3.20 NOESY spectra3.21 2D-TOCSY spectra3.22 1H-13C COSY spectra3.22.1 Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence (HMQC) spectra3.22.2 Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Connectivity (HMBC) spectra3.23 Measuring 13C-IH coupling constants (HSQC-HECADE spectra)3.24 Identifying 13C-13C connections (INADEQUATE spectra)3.25 Three- and four-dimensional NMR3.26 Hints for spectroscopic interpretation and structure determination3.26.1 Carbon spectra3.26.2 Proton spectra3.26.3 Hetero-correlations3.27 Internet3.28 Bibliography3.29 Tables of dataChapter4: Mass spectra4.1 Introduction4.2 Ion production from readily volatile molecules4.2.1 Electron impact (EI)4.2.2 Chemical Ionisation (CI)4.3 Ion production from poorly volatile molecules4.3.1 Fast ion bombardment (FIB or LSIMS)4.3.2 Laser desorption (LD) and matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALDI)4.3.3 Electrospray ionisation (ESI)4.4 Ion analysis4.4.1 Magnetic analysers4.4.2 Combined magnetic and electrostatic analysers——high-resolution mass spectra (HRMS)4.4.3 Ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) analysers4.4.4 Time-of-flight (TOF) analysers4.4.5 Quadrupole analysers4.4.6 Ion-trap analysers4.5 Structural information from mass spectra4.5.1 Isotopic abundances4.5.2 EI spectra4.5.3 CI spectra4.5.4 FIB (LSMIS) spectra4.5.5 MALDI spectra4.5.6 ESI spectra4.5.7 ESI-FT-ICR and ESI-FT-Orbitrap spectra4.6 Separation coupled to mass spectrometry4.6.1 GC/MS and LC/MS4.6.2 MS/MS4.7 MS data systems4.8 Specific ion monitoring and quantitative MS (SIM and MIM)4.9 Interprcting the spectrum of an unknown4.10 Internet4.11 Bibliography4.12 Tables of dataChapter 5: Practice in structure determination5.1 General approach5.2 Simple worked examples using 13C NMR alone5.3 Simple worked examples using 1H N-MR alone5.4 Simple worked examples using the combined application of all fourspectroscopic ethods5.5 Simple problems using 13C NMR or joint application of IR and 13C NMR5.6 Simple problems using 1H NMR5.7 Problems using a combination of spectroscopic methods5.8 Answers to problems 1-33Index |
内容加载中，请稍后...
商品评论（0条）