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D膜

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作 者:(英)约翰逊

出 版 社:世界图书出版公司

出版时间:2010-01

I S B N:9787510005077

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    内容简介

    爱因斯坦的后半生一直致力于将引力理论,纳入量子理论体系,但没有成功。上世纪80年代,由于在弦理论研究方面取得的巨大成果,使研究者看到新的希望。这被称为“第一次超弦革命”。1995年,弦理论研究迎来了第二次革命。其具有划时代意义的发现是D-膜(brane)和M-理论。它为人类提供了探索强耦合超弦理论的强有力工具。后继的研究表明,它也是人类理解诸如黑洞热力学微观机制、大N规范理论与引力理论之间全息对偶等深刻而未解难题的必由之路。  《D膜》详细介绍膜理论的方方面面。尤其对初学者,它是J.Polchinski同类专著(StringTheory,已由世图引进)极好的补充。  《D膜》是剑桥大学出版社出版的“数学物理”丛书之一。剑桥大学出版社出版的“数学物理”丛书,在国际上有崇高的声望。此类图书的引进,对国内的研究者,以及研究生都有极大的帮助。

    作者简介

    目录

    List of inserts
    Preface
    1 Overview and overture
    1.1 The classical dynamics of geometry
    1.2 Gravitons and photons
    1.3 Beyond classical gravity: perturbative strings
    1.4 Beyond perturbative strings: branes
    1.5 The quantum dynamics of geometry
    1.6 Things to do in the meantime
    1.7 On with the show

    2 Relativistic strings
    2.1 Motion of classical point particles
    2.2 Classical bosonic strings
    2.3 Quantised bosonic strings
    2.4 The sphere, the plane and the vertex operator
    2.5 Chan-Paton factors
    2.6 Unoriented strings
    2.7 Strings in curved backgrounds
    2.8 A quick look at geometry

    3 A closer look at the world-sheet
    3.1 Conformal invariance
    3.2 Revisiting the relativistic string
    3.3 Fixing the conformal gauge
    3.4 The closed string partition function

    4 Strings on circles and T-duality
    4.1 Fields and strings on a circle
    4.2 T-duality for closed strings
    4.3 A special radius: enhanced gauge symmetry
    4.4 The circle partition function
    4.5 Toriodal compactifications
    4.6 More on enhanced gauge symmetry
    4.7 Another special radius: bosonisation
    4.8 String theory on an orbifold
    4.9 T-duality for open strings: D-branes
    4.10 D-brane collective coordinates
    4.11 T-duality for unoriented strings: orientifolds

    5 Background fields and world-volume actions
    5.1 T-duality in background fields
    5.2 A first look at the D-brane world-volume action
    5.3 The Dirac-Born-Infeld action
    5.4 The action of T-duality
    5.5 Non-Abelian extensions
    5.6 D-branes and gauge theory
    5.7 BPS lumps on the world-volume

    6 D-brane tension and boundary states
    6.1 The D-brane tension
    6.2 The orientifold tension
    6.3 The boundary state formalism

    7 Supersymmetric strings
    7.1 The three basic superstring theories
    7.2 The two basic heterotic string theories
    7.3 The ten dimensional supergravities
    7.4 Heterotic toroidal compactifications
    7.5 Superstring toroidal compactification
    7.6 A superstring orbifold: discovering the K3 manifold

    8 Supersymmetric strings and T-duality
    8.1 T-duality of supersymmetric strings
    8.2 D-branes as BPS solitons
    8.3 The D-brane charge and tension
    8.4 The orientifold charge and tension
    8.5 Type I from type IIB, revisited
    8.6 Dirac charge quantisation
    8.7 D-branes in type I

    9 World-volume curvature couplings
    9.1 Tilted D-branes and branes within branes
    9.2 Anomalous gauge couplings
    9.3 Characteristic classes and invariant polynomials
    9.4 Anomalous curvature couplings
    9.5 A relation to anomalies
    9.6 D-branes and K-theory
    9.7 Further non-Abelian extensions
    9.8 Further curvature couplings

    10 The geometry of D-branes
    10.1 A look at black holes in four dimensions
    10.2 The geometry of D-branes
    10.3 Probing p-brane geometry with Dp-branes
    10.4 T-duality and supergravity solutions

    11 Multiple D-branes and bound states
    11.1 Dp and Dp from boundary conditions
    11.2 The BPS bound for the Dp-Dp system
    11.3 Bound states of fundamental strings and D-strings
    11.4 The three-string junction
    11.5 Aspects of D-brane bound states

    12 Strong coupling and string duality
    12.1 Type IIB/type IIB duality
    12.2 SO(32) Type I/heterotic duality
    12.3 Dual branes from 10D string-string duality
    12.4 Type IIA/M-theory duality
    12.5 Es x Es heterotic string/M-theory duality
    12.6 M2-branes and M5-branes
    12.7 U-duality

    13 D-branes and geometry I
    13.1 D-branes as probes of ALE spaces
    13.2 Fractional D-branes and wrapped D-branes
    13.3 Wrapped, fractional and stretched branes
    13.4 D-branes as instantons
    13.5 D-branes as monopoles
    13.6 The D-brane dielectric effect

    14 K3 orientifolds and compactification
    14.1 ZN orientifolds and Chan-Paton factors
    14.2 Loops and tadpoles for ALE ZM singularities
    14.3 Solving the tadpole equations
    14.4 Closed string spectra
    14.5 Open string spectra
    14.6 Anomalies for N=1 in six dimensions

    15 D-branes and geometry II
    15.1 Probing p with D(p-4)
    15.2 Probing six-branes: Kaluza-Klein monopoles and M-theory
    15.3 The moduli space of 3D supersymmetric gauge theory
    15.4 Wrapped branes and the enhangon mechanism
    15.5 The consistency of excision in supergravity
    15.6 The moduli space of pure glue in 3D

    16 Towards M- and F-theory
    16.1 The type IIB string and F-theory
    16.2 M-theory origins of F-theory
    16.3 Matrix theory

    17 D-branes and black holes
    17.1 Black hole thermodynamics
    17.2 The Euclidean action calculus
    17.3 D=5 Reissner-NordstrSm black holes
    17.4 Near horizon geometry
    17.5 Replacing T4 with K3

    18 D-branes, gravity and gauge theory
    18.1 The AdS/CFT correspondence
    18.2 The correspondence at finite temperature
    18.3 The correspondence with a chemical potential
    18.4 The holographic principle

    19 The holographic renormalisation group
    19.1 Renormalisation group flows from gravity
    19.2 Flowing on the Coulomb branch
    19.3 An N=1 gauge dual RG flow
    19.4 An N=2 gauge dual RG flow and the enhangon
    19.5 Beyond gravity duals
    20 Taking stock
    References
    Index

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