雾都孤儿

《雾都孤儿》是英国作家狄更斯于1838年出版的写实小说，也是他的第一部?要的社会问题小说。《雾都孤儿》以雾都伦敦为背景，讲述了一个孤儿悲惨的身世及遭遇，主人公奥立弗在孤儿院长大，经历学徒生涯，艰苦逃难，误入贼窝，又被迫与狠毒的凶徒为伍，历尽无数辛酸，最后在善良人的帮助下，查明身世并获得了幸福。如同狄更斯的其他小说，本书揭露许多当时的社会问题，如救济院、童工、以及帮派吸收青少年参与犯罪等。《雾都孤儿》曾多次被改编为电影、电视及舞台剧。世界知名导演罗曼.波兰斯基于2005年也曾将《雾都孤儿》拍成电影。

《雾都孤儿》以雾都伦敦为背景，讲述一个孤儿悲惨的身世及遭遇：主人公奥利佛是个孤儿，从小在济贫院长大，不知父母是谁。他在济贫院中受了九年的折磨后被送到一个承办丧事的店里当学徒，在?里受到虐待。他忍无可忍，独自逃往伦敦，不幸刚到便被骗误入贼窟，这是一个专事盗窃抢劫的团伙，为首的是老犹太人费金，除了少数头目外，都是些被引入邪路的少年儿童。费金一伙用威胁、利诱、灌输等手段，要把奥利佛变成他们的作案工具。奥利佛历尽无数辛酸，几经波折，最终被他父亲生前的朋友从贼窟中救出，找到了亲人，得到了遗产，过上了幸福的生活。

本书为英语原著版。

狄更斯（1812—1870）是英国现实主义文学最杰出的代表。生于小职员家庭，幼年家贫，父亲因欠债入狱，全家人也一度被逼进狱中居住。狄更斯童年在一家鞋油厂当学徒，16岁在一家律师事务所当缮写员，19岁进入报界，从此广泛接触社会，开始尝试写作。

狄更斯的创作以非凡的艺术概括力展示了19世纪英国社会的广阔画卷，反映了英国十九世纪初叶的社会真实面貌。他以高度的艺术概括和生动的细节描写，塑造了为数众多的社会各阶层特别是下层人民的典型形象。他的作品里充满了光辉四射、妙趣横生的幽默和细致入微的心理分析。他的人物形象有许多能使人一读之后就长久地活在读者的心目中。马克思曾把狄更斯、萨克雷、和夏洛蒂布朗特、盖斯凯尔夫人等作家称为“杰出的一派小说家”。

Chapter 1 Treats of the place where Oliver Twistwas born;
and of the circumstances attending his birth
Chapter 2 Treats of Oliver Twist's growth, education, and board
Chapter 3 Relates how Oliver Twist was very near getting
a place, which would not have been a sinecure
Chapter 4 Oliver, being offered another place, makes his
first entry into public life
Chapter 5 Oliver mingles with new associates. Going to
a funeral for the first time, he forms an
unfavourable notion of his master's business
Chapter 6 Oliver, being goaded by the taunts of Noah,
rouses into action and rather astonishes him
Chapter 7 Oliver continues refractory
Chapter 8 Oliver walks to London. He encounters on the
road, a strange sort of young gentleman
Chapter 9 Containing further particulars concerning the
pleasant old gentleman and his hopeful pupils
Chapter l0 Oliver becomes better acquainted with the
characters of his new associates; and purchases
experience at a high price. Being a short but
very important chapter in this history
Chapter 11 Treats of Mr. Fang, the police magistrate; and
furnishes a slight specimen of his mode of
administering justice
Chapter 12 In which Oliver is taken better care of than
he ever was before. And in which the narrative
reverts to the merry old gentleman and his
youthful friends
Chapter 13 Some new acquaintances are introduced to the
intelligent reader; connected with whom
various pleasant matters are related appertaining
to this history
Chapter 14 Comprising further particulars of Oliver's stay at
Mr. Brownlow's, with the remarkable prediction
which one Mr. Grimwig uttered concerning him
when he went out on an errand
Chapter 15 Showing how very fond of Oliver Twist the
merry old Jew and Miss Nancy were
Chapter 16 Relates what became of Oliver Twist, after he
had been claimed by Nancy
Chapter 17 Oliver's destiny, continuing unpropitious,
brings a great man to London to injure his reputation
Chapter 18 How Oliver passed his time in the improving
society of his reputable friends
Chapter 19 In which a notable plan is discussed and
determined on
Chapter 20 Wherein Oliver is delivered over to Mr. William Sikes
Chapter 21 The expedition
Chapter 22 The burglary
Chapter 23 Which contains the substance of a pleasant
conversation between Mr. Bumble and a lady;
and shows that even a beadle may be susceptible
on some points
Chapter 24 Treats of a very poor subject. But is a short one;
and may be found of some importance in this
history
Chapter 25 Wherein this history refers to Mr. Fagin and
company
Chapter 26 In which a mysterious character appears upon
the scene; and many things, inseparable from
this history, are done and performed
Chapter 27 Atones for the unpoliteness of a former chapter;
which deserted a lady most unceremoniously
Chapter 28 Looks after Oliver, and proceeds with his adventures
Chapter 29 Has an introductory account of the inmates of
the house to which Oliver resorted
Chapter 30 Relates what Oliver's new visitors thought of him
Chapter 31 Involves a critical position
Chapter 32 Of the happy life Oliver began to lead with
his kind friends
Chapter 33 Wherein the happiness of Oliver and his friends
experiences a sudden check
Chapter 34 Contains some introductory particulars relative to
a young gentleman who now arrives upon the
scene; and a new adventure which happened to Oliver
Chapter 35 Containing the unsatisfactory result of Oliver's
adventure; and a conversation of some
importance between Harry Maylie and Rose
Chapter 36 Is a very short one, and may appear of no great
importance in its place. But it should be read,
notwithstanding, as a sequel to the last, and a
key to one that will follow when its time arrives
Chapter 37 In which the reader may perceive a contrast,
not uncommon in matrimonial cases
Chapter 38 Containing an account of what passed between
Mr. and Mrs. Bumble, and Monks, at their
nocturnal interview
Chapter 39 Introduces some respectable characters with
whom the reader is already acquainted, and
shows how Monks and the Jew laid their
worthy heads together
Chapter 40 A strange interview, which is a sequel to the
last chapter
Chapter 41 Containing fresh discoveries, and showing that
surprises, like misfortunes, seldom come alone
Chapter 42 An old acquaintance of Oliver's, exhibiting
decided marks of genius, becomes a public
character in the metropolis
Chapter 43 Wherein is shown how the Artful Dodger
got into trouble
Chapter 44 The time arrives for Nancy to redeem her
pledge to Rose Maylie. She fails
Chapter 45 Noah Claypole is employed by Fagin on a
secret mission
Chapter 46 The appointment kept
Chapter 47 Fatal consequences
Chapter 48 The flight of Sikes
Chapter 49 Monks and Mr. Browniow at length meet. Their
conversation, and the intelligence that interrupt,it
Chapter 50 The pursuit and escape
Chapter 51 Affording an explanation of more mysteries
than one, and comprehending a proposal of
marriage, with no word of settlement or pin-money
Chapter 52 The Jew's last night alive
Chapter 53 And last