Section I: Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism 1 Chemical Composition of Living Cells 2 Properties of Amino Acids 3 Amino Acid Modifications 4 Protein Structure 5 Properties of Enzymes 6 Enzyme Kinetics 7 Protein Digestion 8 Amino Acid Catabolism 9 Transamination and Deamination Reactions 10 Urea Cycle (Krebs-Henseleit Ornithine Cycle) 11 Glutamine and Ammonia 12 Nonprotein Derivatives of Amino Acids Section II: Nucleotide and Nucleic Acid Metabolism 13 Nucleotides 14 Pyrimidine Biosynthesis 15 Purine Biosynthesis 16 Folic Acid 17 Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Turnover Section III: Carbohydrate and Heme Metabolism 18 Carbohydrate Structure 19 Polysaccharides and Carbohydrate Derivatives 20 Glycoproteins and Glycolipids 21 Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism 22 Glucose Trapping 23 Glycogen 24 Introduction to Glycolysis (The Embden-Meyerhoff Pathway (EMP) 25 Initial Reactions in Anaerobic Glycolysis 26 Intermediate Reactions in Anaerobic Glycolysis 27 Metabolic Fates of Pyruvate 28 Hexose Monophosphate Shunt (HMS) 29 Uronic Acid Pathway 30 Erythrocytic Protection from O2 Toxicity 31 Carbohydrate Metabolism in Erythrocytes 32 Heme Biosynthesis 33 Heme Degradation 34 Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle 35 Leaks in the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle 36 Oxidative Phosphorylation 37 Gluconeogenesis 38 Carbohydrate Digestion Section IV: Vitamins and Trace Elements 39 Vitamin C 40 Thiamin (B1) and Riboflavin (B2) 41 Niacin (B3) and Pantothenic Acid (B5) 42 Biotin and Pyridoxine (B6) 43 Cobalamin (B12) 44 Vitamin A 45 Vitamin D 46 Vitamin E 47 Vitamin K 48 Iron 49 Zinc 50 Copper 51 Manganese and Selenium 52 Iodine and Cobalt Section V: Lipid Metabolism 53 Overview of Lipid Metabolism 54 Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids 55 Fatty Acid Oxidation 56 Fatty Acid Biosynthesis 57 Triglycerides and Glycerophospholipids 58 Phospholipid Degradation 59 Sphingolipids 60 Lipid Digestion 61 Cholesterol 62 Bile Acids 63 Lipoprotein Complexes 64 Chylomicrons 65 VLDL, IDL, and LDL 66 LDL Receptors and HDL 67 Hyperlipidemias 68 Eicosanoids I 69 Eicosanoids II 70 Lipolysis 71 Ketone Body Formation and Utilization 72 Fatty Liver Syndrome (Steatosis) Section VI: Intermediary Metabolism 73 Starvation (Transition into the Postabsorptive Stage) 74 Starvation (The Early Phase) 75 Starvation (The Intermediate Phase) 76 Starvation (The Late Phase) 77 Exercise (Circulatory Adjustments and Creatine) 78 Exercise (O2(max) and RQ) 79 Exercise (Substrate Utilization and Endocrine Parameters) 80 Exercise (Muscle Fiber Types and Characteristics) 81 Exercise (Athletic Animals) Section VII: Acid-Base Balance 82 Hydrogen Ion Concentration 83 Strong and Weak Electrolytes 84 Protein Buffer Systems 85 Bicarbonate, Phosphate, and Ammonia Buffer Systems 86 Anion Gap 87 Metabolic Acidosis 88 Diabetes Mellitus (Metabolic Acidosis and Potassium Balance) 89 Metabolic Alkalosis 90 Respiratory Acidosis 91 Respiratory Alkalosis. 92 Strong Ion Difference (SID) 93 Alkalinizing and Acidifying Solutions 94 Dehydration/Overhydration Appendix References Index |
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