流体动力学导论(英文版)

.2.8 irrotational solenoidal flow in doubly-connected regions of space
2.9 three-dimensional flow fields extending to infinity
2.10 two-dimensional flow fields extending to infinity
chapter 3. equations governing the motion of a fluid
3.1 material integrals in a moving fluid
3.2 the equation of motion
3.3 the expression for the stress tensor
3.4 changes in the internal energy of a fluid in motion
3.5 bemoulli's theorem for steady flow of a frictionless non-
3.6 the complete set of equations governing fluid flow
3.7 concluding remarks to chapters 1, 2 and 3
chapter 4. flow of a uniform incompressible viscous fluid
4.1 introduction
4.2 steady unidirectional flow
4.3 unsteady unidirectional flow
4.4 the ekman layer at a boundary in a rotating fluid
4.5 flow with circular streamlines
4.6 the steady jet from a point source of momentum
4.7 dynamical similarity and the reynolds number
other dimensionless parameters having dynamical significance,
4.8 flow fields in which inertia forces are negligible
4.9 flow due to a moving body at small reynolds number
4.10 oseen's improvement of the equation for flow due to moving
bodies at small reynolds number
4. 11 the viscosity of a dilute suspension of small particles
4. 12 changes in the flow due to moving bodies as r increases from
chapter 5. flow at large reynolds nnmber: effects of viscosity
5.1 introduction
5.2 vorticity dynamics
5.3 kelvin's circulation theorem and vorticity laws for an inviscid fluid
5.4 the source of vorticity in motions generated from rest
5.5 steady flows in which vorticity generated at a solid surface is
prevented by convection from diffusing far away from it
5.6 steady two-dimensional flow in a converging or diverging channel
5.7 boundary layers
5.8 the boundary layer on a flat plate
5.9 the effects of acceleration and deceleration of the external stream
5.10 separation of the boundary layer
5.11 the flow due to bodies moving steadily through fluid
5.12 jets, free shear layers and wakes
5.13 oscillatory boundary layers
6.8 axisymmetric irrotational flow due to moving bodies
6.9 approximate results for slender bodies
6.10 impulsive motion of a fluid
6.11 large gas bubbles in liquid
6.12 cavitation in a liquid
6.13 free-streamline theory, and steady jets and cavities
chapter 7. flow of effectively invlscld fluid with vorticlty
7.1 introduction
7.2 flow in unbounded fluid at rest at infinity
7.3 two-dimensional flow in unbounded fluid at rest at infinity
7.4 steady two-dimensional flow with vortieity throughout the fluid
7.5 steady axisymmetric flow with swirl
7.6 flow systems rotating as a whole
7.7 motion in a thin layer on a rotating sphere
7.8 the vortex system of a wing
appendices
1 measured values of some physical properties of common fluids
expressions for some common vector differential quantities in
orthogonal curvilinear co-ordinate systems
publications referred to in the text
subject index
is still the key branch of fluid dynamics. i regret that many important
topics such as gas dynamics, surface waves, motion due to buoyancy forces,
turbulence, heat and mass transfer, and magneto-fluid dynamics, are
apparently ignored, but the subject is simply too large for proper treatment
in one volume. if the reception given to the present book suggests that a
second volume would be welcome, i may try later to make the coverage
more nearly complete.
as to the order of material in chapters 4 to 7, the description of motion of
a viscous fluid and of flow at large reynolds number precedes the discussion
of irrotational flow (although the many purely kinematical properties of an
irrotational velocity distribution have a natural place in chapter 2) and of
motion of an inviscid fluid with vorticity. my reason for adopting this un-
conventional arrangement is not that i believe the'classical' theory of irrota-
tional flow is less important than is commonly supposed. it is simply that
results concerning the flow of inviscid fluid can be applied realistically
only if the circumstances in which the approximation of zero viscosity is
valid are first made clear. the mathematical theory of irrotational flow is a
powerful weapon for the solution of problems, but in itself it gives no
information about whether the whole or a part of a given flow field at large
reynolds number will be approximately irrotational. for that vital informa-
tion some understanding of the effects of viscosity of a real fluid and of
boundary-layer theory is essential; and, whereas the understanding was
lacking when lamb wrote his classic treatise hydrodynamics, it is available
today. i believe that the first book, at least in english, to show how so many
common flow systems could be understood in terms of boundary layers
and separation and vorticity movement was modern developments in fluid
dynamics, edited by sydney goldstein. that pioneering book published
in x938 was aimed primarily at research workers, and i have tried to
take the further step of making the understanding of the flow of real
fluids accessible to students at an early stage of their study of fluid dynamics.
desirable though it is for study of the flow of viscous fluids to precede
consideration of an inviscid fluid and irrotational flow, i appreciate that
a lecturer may have his hand forced by the available lecturing time. in the
ease of mathematics students who are to attend only one course on fluid
dynamics, of length under about 30 lectures, it would be foolish to embark
on a study of viscous fluid flow and boundary layers in preparation for a
description of inviscid-fiuid flow and its applications, since too little time
would be left for this topic; the lecturer would need to compromise with
scientific logic, and could perhaps take his audience from chapters 2 and 3