| 本书是为满足国内工科院校材料专业学生了解和掌握工程材料的结构与性能而引进出版的。 对于材料工程专业的学生，这本书的教程会较为详细地把重点放在金属材料的章节里；对于非材料专业的学生，整个课程可以广泛地介绍现代工业应用的一般材料。 本书体系简单，侧重晶体结构、机械性质、相图与制备、各类重要合金，以及非金属工程材料。它主要分四个部分：第一部分主要阐述晶体结构、点阵缺陷、化学键，以及机械与物理性能。第二部分主要讨论金属材料的强化理论与制备方法。第一、二部分是材料科学与工程中至关重要的核心和基本概念。第三部分是对各类金属工程材料的分类与介绍。第四部分囊括了工业应用中其他大部分非金属材料，不仅给出了这些重要材料的标定、规格和类型，而且阐述了它们的特性、应用范围和制备条件。 |
| Preface xiii SECTION 1 Introductory Materials Concepts 1 Chapter 1 Structure and Properties 1.1 Atomic Packing Atomic Size 1.2 Crystal Structure Lattice Parameters Crystal Planes and Axes Allotropic Forms Structure of Nonmetallic Solids Ionic Crystal Structures Covalent Crystal Structures Amorphous and Polymer Structures 1.3 Grain Structure 1.4 Mechanical Properties and Testing Theory of Mechanical Properties 1.5 Physical Properties Electrical and Magnefic Properties 1.6 Characteristics of Unalloyed Solids The IA or Alkali Metals The IB or Noble Metals The IlB Metals The Light Metals The Transition MetalS Metals of High Valence Semiconductors Problems References Chapter 2 Deterioration of Material Properties 2.1 Fracture in a Ductile Material 2.2 Fracture in a Btittle Material 2.3 Suppression of Brittle Fracture Temperature Composition and Grain Size Environment Stress Distribution 2.4 Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics 2.5 Property Deterioration at High Temperature 2.6 Property Deterioration from Cyclic Loading Problems References SECTION 2 Strengthening Mechanisms Chapter 3 Solid-Solution Strengthening 3.1 Formation of Solid Solutions 3.2 Mechanism of Solidification 3.3 Solidifcation of Pure Metals 3.4 Solidification of Metal Alloys 3.5 Diflusion General Laws Laws of Diffusion Temperature Dependence of the Diffusion Coefficient 3.6 Segregation in Metal Alloys Zone Refining 3.7 Real Solid Solutions 3.8 General Properties of Solid Solutions Solute Strengthening Grain Strengthening Electrical Properties of SolidSolutions Problems References Chapter 4 DeformatiOn Hardening and Annealing 4.1 Plasticity of Metals Plasticity of Single Crystals Dislocation Theory of Plastic Flow Twinning Deformation of Polycrystalline Materials 4.2 Property Changes in Deformation-Hardened Metals Strain Hardening VariablesAffecting StrainHardening Property Changes from Strain Hardening 4.3 Annealing Recovery Recrystallization Grain Growth Factors Influencing Annealing 4.4 Property Changes in Annealed Metals Hot Working 4.5 Preferred Orientation and Directional Properties Problems References Chapter 5 Multiphase Strengthening 5.1 Binary Eutectics 5.2 Intermetallic Compounds 5.3 Multicomponent Eutectics 5.4 Microstructure of Multiphase Materials Cooling-Rate Variables Shape Variables of Eutectic Structures Eutectic Microstructures 5.5 Generalized Properties of Multiphase Materials Problems References Chapter 6 Precipitation Hardening 6.1 General Mechanism of Precipitation Hardening 6.2 Precipitation from Solid Solution 6.3 Stages of Precipitation Hardening 6.4 Variables Affecting Precipitation Hardening Time and Temperature Concentration of Solute and Presence of Other Elements 6.5 Precipitation Hardening of Cu-Be Alloys Problems References Chapter 7 Martensitic Transformation 7.1 The Fe-Fe3C Phase Diagram 7.2 Alloys of Iron and Carbon Terminology Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium 7.3 Microstructure of Nonhardened Steel 7.4 Heat Treatment of Eutectoid Steel Formation of Austenite Transformation of Austenite to Pearlite Formation of Bainite 7.5 The Martensite Transformation 7.6 Heat Treatment of Noneutectoid Steels 7.7 Physical Property Changes During Martensite Formation 7.8 Tempering of Martensite 7.9 Microstructure of Isothermally Transformed Steel 7.10 Generalized Properties of Heat-Treated Steels Normalized and Annealed Steels Problems References SECTION 3 Metallic Materials Engineering Chapter 8 Low-Carbon Steels 8.1 Terms Related to Steelmaking Processes 8.2 Grain Size of Steel 8.3 Nonhardenable Low-Carbon Steels Porcelain Enameled Ware Automobile-Body Stock Tin Plate Heavy Steel Plates for Ships and Tanks Steels for Low-Temperature Service Structural Shapes and Pipe 8.4 High-Strength.Low-Alloy（HSLA） Steels 8.5 Welding of Low-Carbon Steel 8.6 Surface Hardening of Low-Carbon Steel Problems References Chapter 9 Medium-Carbon Steels 9.1 Classification of Medium-CarbOn Steels 9.2 Hardenable Carbon Steels 9.3 Hardenable Alloy Steels 9.4 Austempering and Marquenching Marquenching 9.5 Ultra-High-Strength Steels 9.6 Special Processing of Steel Problems References Chapter 10 High-Carbon Steels 10.1 Classification of High-Carbon Steels 10.2 Heat Treatment of High.Carbon Steels Transformation Diagrams Tempering SurfaceEffects upon Hardening Dimensional Changes 10.3 Cemented Carbides Problems References Chapter 11 Stainless Steels 11.1 Phase Diagrams of Stainless Steels 11.2 Stainless-Steel Alloy Designations 11.3 Heat Treatment of Stainless Steels Precipitation-Hardenable Stainless Steels 11.4 Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steels 11.5 Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels Problems References Chapter 12 Cast Irons 12.1 Cast Iron（Fe-C-Si）Phase Diagram 12.2 Gray Cast Iron Solidification 12.3 Ductile Cast Iron Solidification 12.4 Concepts of Graphitization in Cast Iron 12.5 Properties of Cast Irons Problems References Chapter 13 Aluminum Alloys 13.1 Work-Hardenable Wrought Aluminum Alloys 13.2 Heat-Treatable Aluminum Alloys 13.3 Cast Aluminum Alloys 13.4 Residual Stresses in Aluminum Alloys 13.5 Aluminum-Lithium Alloys Physical Metallurgy of Al-Li Alloys Problems References Chapter 14 Copper and Copper Alloys 14.1 Copper Alloy Designations 14.2 Unalloyed Coppers 14.3 Brasses：CU-Zn Alloys The Cu-Zn Phase Diagram Microstructures of Two-Phase Brasses Theory of Two-Phase Microstructures Wrought Brasses 14.4 Tin Bronzes：Cu-Sn Alloys 14.5 Silicon and Aluminum Bronzes 14.6 Cast Copper-Base Alloys Problems References Chapter 15 Magnesium Alloys 15.1 Magnesium Alloy Designations Pertinent Phase Diagrams Magnesium Alloy Identification 15.2 The Nature of Magnesium Alloying 15.3 Cast Magnesium Alloys Grain-Size Control of Cast Alloys Pressure Die-Cast Magnesium Alloys 15.4 Properties of Magnesium Alloys Problems References Chapter 16 Titanium Alloys 16.1 Unalloyed Titanium 16.2 Phase Diagrams of Titanium Alloys 16.3 Heat Tlreatment of Titanium Alloys 16.4 Properties of Titanium Alloys Effect of a Morphology 16.5 Applications of Titanium Alloys Problems References Chapter 17 Metals for High-Temperature Service 17.1 High-Temperature Performance of Refractory Metals Mechanical Properties Oxidation Behavior 17.2 Nickel-and Iron-Base Superalloys 17.3 Cobalt-Base Superalloys 17.4 Vanadium.Niobium.and Tantalum Vanadium Niobium（Columbium） Tantalum 17.5 Chromium，Molybdenum，and Tungsten Chromium Molybdenum Tungsten 17.6 Refractory Metal Coatings Problems References SECTION 4 Nonmetallic Materials and Composites Engineering Chapter 18 Engineering Polymers 18.1 Bonding and Structure in Polymers 18.2 Generalized Properties of Polymers 18.3 Olefin，Vinyl，and Related Polymers 18.4 Thermoplastic Polymers 18.5 Thermosetting Polymers 18.6 Elastomeric Polymers Problems References Chapter 19 Ceramics and Glasses 19.1 A Ceramic Phase Diagram（A1203-Si02） 19.2 Traditional Ceramics：Clay,Refractories， and Abrasives Clay Refractories Abrasives 19.3 Structure and Properties of Engineering Ceramics Coatings 19.4 Characteristics of Glass Problems References Chapter 20 Composite Materials 425 20.1 Forms and Properties of Composite Reinforcing Materials Glass Fibers Carbon Fibers Aramid Fibers Metal and Ceramic Fibers 20.2 Forms and Properties of Composite Matrix Materials Polymer Matrix Resins Prepregs 20.3 Metal Matrix Composites Continuous Fiber-Reinforced MMCs Discontinuous Fiber-Reinforced MMCS 20.4 Polymer Matrix Composites 20.5 Ceramic Matrix Composites 20.6 Carbon and Graphite Composites Problems References Index |
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