出版说明 为了适应我国社会主义市场经济的建设和发展，满足国内广大读者了解、 学习和借鉴国外先进的管理经验和掌握经济理论的前沿动态，清华大学出版 社与PrenticeHall国际出版公司合作影印出版一系列英文版经济管理方面的 图书。我们所选择的图书，基本上是已再版多次、在国外深受欢迎、并被广泛 采用的优秀教材，绝大部分是该领域中较具权威性的经典之作。在选书的过 程中，我们得到了很多专家、学者的支持、帮助与鼓励，在此深表谢意！本书由 对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院刘园女士审阅，在此一并致谢！ 由于原作者所处国家的政治、经济和文化背景等与我国不同，对书中所持 观点，敬请广大读者在阅读过程中注意加以分析和鉴别。 我们期望这套影印书的出版对我国经济科学的发展能有所帮助，对我国 经济管理专业的教学能有所促进。 欢迎广大读者给我们提出宝贵的意见和建议；同时也欢迎有关的专业人 士向我们推荐您所接触到的国外优秀图书。 清华大学出版社第三编辑室 1998.10 |
Contents 1111 Prefacexiii Chapter1FUNDAMENTALSANDTERMINOLOGY ChapterObjectives Introduction InsuranceDefinedFinancialDefinitionLegalDefinitionLoss,Chanceof Loss,Peril,Hazard,andProximateCauseLossChanceofLossPeriland HazardProximateCauseRiskRiskManagementTheMathematical BasisforInsuranceAMathematicalExampleofanInsuranceSystem's OperationsBuildingBlocksofanInsurancePremiumFourBasic ComponentsCashFlowUnderwritingTheBenefitsandCoststoSociety ofInsuranceSystemsCostsBenefitsArson:WhoReallyPaysfor InsnredLossesSummaryReviewTermsReviewDiscussion QuestionsResearchAssignmentSuggestionsforFurtherStudy18 Chapter2INSURABLELOSSEXPOSURES ChapterObjectives Introduction GamblingandSpeculativeRisksIdeallyInsurableLossExposures ALargeGroupofSimilarUnitsExposedtotheSamePeriKs)LossesMustbe AccidentalandBeyondtheInsured'sControlLossesMustbeDefinite, Measurable,andofSufficientSeveritytoCauseEconomicHardship CatastrophicLossesWhenOnlythePeopleMostExposedtoLossWant Coverage,InsuranceBecomesUnfeasibleRiskClassification SubsidizationAdverseSelectionPrinciplesofRiskClassification ImportantSocialIssuesAIDS(AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome) AutomobileInsurancePensionBenefitsConclusionBranchesof InsuranceSummaryReviewTermsReviewDiscussion QuestionsResearchAssignmentSuggestionsforFurtherStudy Chapter3RISKMANAGEMENT1:ESSENTIALS ChapterObjectives Introduction TheRiskManagementFunctionRiskManagementStaffStatementof ObjectivesandPrinciplesTheRiskManagementProcessStepOne: IdentificationandMeasurementofExposuresDirectPropertyLosses LossoflncomeLiabilityLossesLossofKeyPersonnelEstimationof MaximumLossEmergencyPlanning-DisastorRecoveryStepTwo:Loss ControlandRiskFinancingLossControlRiskFinancingStep Three:RegularReviewoftheRiskManagementProgramChicagoTunnel Collapse:ARiskManagementProblemSummaryReviewTerms ReviewResearchAssignment:CaseStudySuggestionsforFurther StudyAppendix:PersonalRiskManagement Chapter4RISKMANAGEMENT2:ADVANCEDTOPICS ChapterObjectives Introduction RiskManagementInformationSystems(RMIS)LossDataOther InformationDeductiblesandPolicyLimitsFinancialandOther ConsiderationsBritishPetroleum:ACaseStudyIntemationalRisk ManagementIdentificationandMeasurementofExposuresDevelopment andImplementationofPlansRegularReviewandEvaluationForeign InsuranceFinancialRiskManagementSummaryReview TermsReviewDiscussionQuestionsResearchAssignment SuggestionsforFurtherStudyCaseStudy:BlueStarAirlines IntroductionTheStoryTheRiskManagementProcessFactsand AssumptionsAssignment Chapter5PRIVATEINSURANCECOMPANIES ChapterObjectives Introduction TwoDifferentTypesofInsuranceCompaniesMutualInsurance CompaniesStockInsuranceCompaniesStockVersusMutual:A Consumer'sViewpointDemutualizationLloyd'sofLondon Lloyd'sofLondonIsanInsuranceMarketLloyd'sHistoryTypical TransactionLloyd'sandtheRiskManagementFunctionAmerican LloydsOtherLegalFormsofInsuranceCompaniesTheReciprocal ExchangeFratemalInsurersSavingsBankLifeInsuranceBlue CrossandBlueShieldHealthMaintenanceOrganizations(HMOs)and PreferredProviderOrganizations(PPOs)IndustrialOrganization InsuranceIndustrySummaryReviewTermsReview DiscussionQuestionsResearchAssignmentSuggestionsfor FurtherStudyAppendix:InsuranceandPrivateEnterprise:ThePotential forEasternEuropeIntroductionWhyInsurance?WhyPrivate Insurance?CompetitionandEfficiencyEssentialRequirementsofaFree Enterprise(Capitalist)SystemTheRequirementsofaPrivateInsurance SystemDifficultiesStartingaPrivateInsuranceSysteminEasternEurope TheFuture Chapter6INSURANCEOCCUPATIONS ChapterObjectives Introduction InsuranceAgentsandBrokersAgencyLawInsuranceBrokers LicensingRequirementsPropertyandLiabilityInsuranceAgentsand BrokersLifeInsuranceAgentsandBrokersAnInsuranceAgent's DutiesLossAdjusterEmployees,IndependentAdjustment Bureaus,andPublicAdjustersAdjustersAreAgentsUnderwriter PropertyInsuranceUnderwritingLifeInsuranceUnderwritmg UnderwritingandPrivacyActuaryAttomeyFinance OtherOccupationsSummaryReviewTermsReview DiscussionQuestionsResearchAssignmentSuggestionsfor FurtherStudyAppendix:LegalIssuesInvolvingInsuranceAgentsand BrokersCase1Case2Appendix:TheEthicalChoice IntroductionVocabularyEthicalNormsThreePracticeCases SuggestionsforFurtherStudy Chapter7THEINSURANCEMARKET:THEECONOMICPROBLEM ChapterObjectives Introduction EconomicTheorySupplyandDemandHistoricalProblemsThe InsuranceConsumerTheConsumer'sChoice:Company,AgentorBroker, Policy,Amount,andPriceConsumerProtection:TheRoleoftheCourts, theLaw,andtheInsuranceCommissionerTheCourtsTheLaw TheInsuranceCommissionerSummaryReviewTerms ReviewDiscussionQuestionsResearchAssignment SuggestionsforFurtherStudyAppendix:FurtherConsiderationof SupplyandDemandElasticityofSupplyandDemandforInsurance ShiftingSupplyandDemandCurves170 Chapter8INSURANCEREGULATION ChapterObjectives Introduction InsuranceRegulationTheReasonsforInsuranceRegulation SolvencyUnequalKnowledgeandBargaimngPowerPrices PromotionofSocialGoalsTheHistoryofInsuranceRegulationPaul v.VirginiaArmstrongandMerrittInvestigationsSouth-Eastern UnderwritersAssociation(SEUA)TheMcCarranActStateorFederal Regulation?StateInsuranceRegulationTheNationalAssociationof InsuranceCommissioners(NAIC)RepealofP.L.-15BothSidesofthe ArgumentRegulatedActivitiesLegalReservesandSurplus RegularAuditsandSolvencyTestingGuarantyFundsRate RegulationsInvestmentActivitiesPolicyFormApprovalandExpense LimitationsQualificationsorLicensesforCompanies,Agents,Brokers,Loss Adjusters,andCompanyOfficersConsumerComplaintsTaxation SummaryReviewTermsReviewDiscussionQuestions ResearchAssignmentSuggestionsforFurtherStudyAppendix: TheMcCarranAct(P.L.-15) Chapter9INSURANCECONTRACTS ChapterObjectives Introduction ContractTerminologyBinderConditionalReceiptElementsof aValidContractOfferandAcceptanceConsideration CapacityLegalPurposeDistinguishingCharacteristicsofInsurance ContractsPrincipleofIndemnityInsurableInterestActualCash ValueSubrogationContractofAdhesionThePersonalFeature UtmostGoodFaith(Latin:UberrimaeFidei)TheEntireContractand IncontestabilityClausesTheAleatoryFeatureDischargeofInsurance ContractsSummaryReviewTermsReviewResearch AssignmentSuggestionsforFurtherStudyAppendix:Casesfor DscussionMaterialMisrepresentationContractofAdhesion:The MetpathCaseBreachofWarranty:GeneralChickenCase Chapter10BASICPROPERTYANDLIABILITYINSURANCECONTRACTS ChapterObjectives Iritroduction StandardPoliciesBasicPartsofanInsurancePolicy DeclarationsInsuringAgreementDeductiblesDefinitions ExclusionsEndorsementsConditionsFraudSuspensionof CoverageCancellationOtherInsuranceDutiesAfteraLoss AppraisalSalvageClaimsPaymentConclusion SummaryReviewTerms:ReviewCaseforDiscussion: VacancyClauseResearchAssignmentSuggestionsforFurther Study235 Chapter11HOMEOWNERSINSURANCE ChapterObjectives Introduction AGeneralDescriptionoftheHOInsurancePoliciesPolicyLayout DeclarationsDefinitionsSection1-PropertyCoverages AdditionalCoverageSection1--PerilsInsuredAgainstintheBroad Form,HO-2SpecifiedPerilsHO-2:Section1-Exclusions Ordinance-or-LawExclusionOtherExclusionsSection1-- ConditionsLossSettlementReplacementCostandCoinsurance ReasonsfortheCoinsuranceRequirementMortgageClauseSection 2--LiabilityCoveragesSection2--ExclusionsClaimsNotCouered ArisingfromBqdilyInjuryorPropertyDamage,Sections1and2-- ConditionsEndorsementsReductionofInsuranceResultingfrom PreviousLossesSummaryReviewTermsReview PracticeQuestionsResearchAssignmentSuggestionsforFurther StudyAppendix:BuyingHomeownersInsurance264 Chapter12THEPERSONALAUTOPOLICY ChapterObjectives Introduction TheTortLiabilitySystemandAutomobileInsurance:AReviewCaseThe PersonalAutoPolicyLayoutDefinitionsPartA--LiabilityLimit ofLiabilityInsuredsExclusionsPartB--MedicalPayments PartC--UninsuredMotoristCoverageCoverageunderthePAP ContactorNo-ContactRulesTheState'sResponsetoUninsuredMotorists UnderinsuredMotoristsPartD--DamagetoYourAutoLoss SettlementPartE--DutiesAfteranAccidentorLossPartF--General ProvisionsSummaryReviewTermsReviewPractice QuestionsResearchAssignmentSuggestionsforFurtherStudy Chapter13COMMERCIALPROPERTYINSURANCE ChapterObjectives Introduction CommercialInsuranceCommercialandPersonalPropertyIhsurahce PropertyandMarine(Transportation)InsuranceCommercialPackagePolicy TheInsuranceServicesOffice(ISO)BuildingandPersonalProperty FormPropertyCoveredPropertyExcludedfromCoveragePerils CoveredFireInsuranceHistoryDefinitionofFireReportingFormts BusinessIncomeCoverageAdditionalFormsPropertyInsurance RatingTransportationInsuranceOceanMarineInsuranceInldnd MarineInsuranceAviationInsuranceAutomobilePropertyInsurance BusinessAutomobileInsuranceSummaryReviewTerms ReviewDiscussionQuestionsResearchAssignments SuggestionsforFurtherStudy Chapter14GENERALLIABILITYINSURANCE ChapterObjectives Introduction LegalBackgroundCategoriesofTorts(CivilWrongs)Negligerice LawsuitsEstablishingNegligenceandDamagesDefensesinaNegligence SuitTheRelationshipBetweenNegligenceandLegalLiabilityInsurance QuestionsofFactLegalJudgementsEthicsandLiabilityInsurance SocialHostLiquorLiability:AnExampleTheFactsCategories ofLiabilityInsuranceBusinessGeneralLuabilityInsuranceBusiness LiabilityUmbrellaPoliciesAutomobileLiabilityInsuranceSummary ReviewTermsReviewDiscussionQuestionsCasefor DiscussionResearchAssignmentSuggestionsforFurtherStudy328 Chapter15SPECIALLIABILITYINSURANCE ChapterObjectives Introduction Claims-MadeandOccurrehcePoliciesClaims-MadePoliciesOccurrence- BasisPoliciesEnvironmentalImpairmentLiabilityInsuranceHistory RiskManagementStrategyInsurancePrinciplesandEILCoverage ProductsLiabilityInsuranceRiskManagementStrategyTheContinuing ControversyProfessionalLiabilityInsuranceWfutIsaProfessional? CoverageClauseClaimsSettlementTypesofProfessionalLiability CoverageEmploymentPracticesLiabilityAmericanswithDisabilitiesAct (ADA)NuclearLiabilityInsuranceSummaryReviewTerms ReviewDiscussionQuestionsResearchAssignments SuggestionsforFurtherStudyAppendixCaseStudy:Sexual HarassmentCaseStudy:AmericanswithDisabilitiesAct(ADA)353 Chapter16BONDING,CRIMEINSURANCE,ANDREINSURANCE ChapterObjectives Introduction SuretyBondingIntroductoryTerminologyTheReasonsforSurety BondingTheUifferenceBetweenSuretyshipandInsuranceUnderwriting BondsTypesofBondsCrimeInsuranceReinsurance IntroductoryTerminologyReinsuranceArrangementsReinsurance CoverageReasonsforReinsuranceReinsuranceandRiskManagement ProvidersofReinsuranceConcludingCommentsSummary ReviewTermsReviewDiscussionQuestionsResearch AssignmentSuggestionsforFurtherStudy368 Chapter17LIFEINSURANCEPOLICIES ChapterObjectives Introduction ThreeWaysLifeInsuranceIsDistributedGroupLifeInsurance IndustrialLifeInsuranceIndividualLifeInsuranceTermInsurance TypesofTermLifeInsuranceUsesofTermLifeInsuranceWholeLife InsuranceCashValuesTypesofWholeLifePoliciesTheUsesof WholeLifeInsuranceReasonsforSavingwithLifeInsuranceAWholeLife LedgerSheetBuyTermandInvesttheDifference:TheConsumer's ViewpointUniversalLifeInsuranceUniversalLifeInsurancePolicies UniversalLifeInsuranceDeathBenefitsUsesofUniversalLifeInsurance LedgerSheetforUniversalLifeInsuranceVariableLifeInsur'ance SummaryReviewTermsReviewDiscussionQuestions ResearchAssignmentSuggestionsforFurtherStudyAppendix EndowmentLifeInsurance391 Chapterl8ANNUITIES ChapterObjectives Introduction394 DefinitionsClassificationofAnnuitiesMethodofPremium PaymentBeginningofBenefitsPromisesPurchasedNumberof AnnuitantsDeterminationofAnnuityBenefitsUsesof AnnuitiesTypesofBenefitsTaxationofAnnuitiesWithdrawal beforeLiquidationWithdrawalsinLiquidationSummaryReview TermsReviewDiscussionQuestionsResearch AssignmentSuggestionsforFurtherStudy406 Chapter19LIFEINSURANCEPLANNING ChapterObjectives Introduction TheEconomicValueoftheHumanLifeTheNeeds-BasedPurchaseof LifeInsuranceLifeInsurancePlanningPlanningProcessThe EarlyAdultYearsLifeInsurancePlanning:ACaseStudyInsurancefor Wiues,Children,andCollegeStudentsLifeInsurancePlanning:TheMiddle YearsLifeInsurancePlahning:TheLaterYearsWillsFederal EstateTaxBusinessUsesofLifeIrisuranceFundingBusiness ContinuationAgreementswithLifeInsuranceTheTaxationofLife InsuranceDeathProceedsLivingBenefits:Dividends,Savings,and AcceleratedDeathBenefitsSummaryReviewTerms ReviewDiscussionQuestionsResearchAssignmentFactsand DataSuggestionsforFurtherStudy The Chapter20STANDARDLIFEINSURANCECONTRACTPROVISIONS ANDOPTIONS ChapterObjectives Introduction Insured,Owner,andBeneficiaryBeneficiaryDesignationGeneral LifeInsurancePolicyProvisionsGracePeriodTheReinstatement ProvisionTheIncontestableClauseheEntire-ContractProviswn Misstatement-of-AgeProvisionAnnualApportionmentofDivisibleSurplus TheSuicideClauseandOtherRestrictiveClausesFourOptionsProvidingthe InsuredwithChoicesDividendOptionsNonfbrfeifureOptions PolicyholderLoansSettlementOptionsAvailableRidersandOptions TheGuaranteed-InsurabilityOptionTheWaiver-of-PremiumOptionThe Double-IndemnityOptionSummaryReviewTermsReview DiscussionQuestionsResearchAssignmentSuggestionsforFurther Study445 Chapter21SIMPLIFIEDLIFEINSURANCEMATHEMATICS ChapterObjectives Introduction MortalityTablesThe1980CSOOtherMortalityTablesInterpretation ofMortalityTablesSomeSimplifyingAssumptionsSingle-Prenuum, One-YearTermInsuranceSmgle-Premium,Five-YearTermInsurance Single-Premium,WholeLifeInsuranceLevelingtheWholeLifePremium TheCostofLifeInsuranceandSalesIllustrationsAComplexIssue TraditionalCalculationInterest-AdjnstedMethodTheSalesIllustration ControversySummaryReviewTermsReviewResearch AssignmentSuggestionsforFurtherStudy Chapter22MEDICALEXPENSEANDDISABILITYINSURANCE ChapterObjectives Intrpduction BackgroundInformationIncreasingHealthCareCostsMedical InflationCostContainmentConunonContractProvisionsEntire ContractGracePeriodReinstatementIncontestableClause ClaimsPhysicalExamandAutopsyLegalActionChangeof BeneficiaryOptionalContractProvisionsDefinitionsandExclusions FiveKindsofHealthInsuranceCoverageBasicMedicalExpense InsuranceMajorMedicalInsuranceDisabilityIncomeInswance MedicareSupplementInsuranceLong-TermCareInsurance DemographicsTheFinancialProblemLong-TermCarePolicy DevelopmentTheContinuingDebateHealthInsuranceProviders SummaryReviewTermsReviewDiscussionQuestions ResearchAssignmentSuggestionsforFurtherStudy Chapter23EMPLOYEEBENEFITS ChapterObjectives Introduction TheGoalsoftheGovemment,Employer,andEmployeeTheGauemment TheEmployerTheEmployeeInsuredEmployeeBenefits QualificationRulesGeneralFeaturesGroupLifeInsuranceGroup DisabilityIncomeInsuranceLong-TermDisabilityGroupHealth InsuranceSocialProblemsHealthInsuranceProvidersHealth InsuranceContractsGeneralProvisionsofGroupHealthInswanceContracts TwoFederalRegulationsInsuredPensionPlansIntroduction RequirementsforQuaUfiedPlansFederalRegulationofPensionPlansThe RoleofInsuranceinPensionPlansProfit-Sharmg,401(k),4030(b),Keogh,and CafeteriaPlansProfit.-SharingPlans401(k)Plans403(b)Plansor Tax-DeferredAnnuities(TDAs)KeoghPlansCafeteriaPlans IndividualRetirementAccount(IRA)EHgibilityforDeductibleContributions InvestmentAlternativeRolloversTaxationSummary ReviewTermsReviewDiscussionQuestionsResearch AssignmentSuggestionsforFurtherStudyAppendix:TaxDeferral TheAdvantagesofTaxDeferral Chapter24SOCIALSECURITY ChapterObjectives Introduction SocialInsuranceBackgroundTheHistoryandPhilosophyoftheAmericanSocial SecuritySystemSocialSecurityJsNotaPublicAssistanceProgramSocial SecurityandPrivateInsuranceAreDifferentSocialSecurityIsanInsuranceSystem TheOperationoftheSocialSecurityProgramTheProgramIs CompulsoryforAlmostEveryWorkerATaxonWagesIstheMainSourceofFunds BenefitsAreNotFullyFundedInsuredStatnsandEligibilityforBenefits QnartersofCoverageCalculationofBenefitsCategoriesofBenefits RetirementBenefitsSurvivorBenefitsDisabilityBenefitsMedicare (HealthInsurancefortheAgedandDisabled)someCurrentIssuesFacingthe SocialSecuritySystemWillSocialSecurity"BeThere"forYoungandMiddle- AgedAmericans?TheSocialSecuritySurplusandtheFederalDeficitOther CriticismSummaryReviewTermsReviewDiscussion QuestionsResearchAssignmentSuggestionsforFurtherStudy Chapter25UNEMPLOYMENTANDWORKERS'COMPENSATIONINSURANCE ChapterObjectives Introduction UnemploymentInsuranceSomeBackgroundInformationOperations oftheUnemploymentInsuranceProgram1sUnemploymentInsuranceReally Insurance?GeneralProvisionsofStateProgramsSummary- UnemploymentInsuranceWorkers'CompensationTheProblem TheSolutionThePurposesofWorkers'CompensationLawsOperationsof Workers'CompensationSystemsCurrentConcernsAboutWorkers' CompensationSummary-Worker'sCompensation,ReviewTerms ReviewDiscussionQuestionsResearchAssignment SuggestionsforFurtherStudy Glossary AppendixA:Homeowner'sInsurancePolicy AppendixB:PersonalAutoPolicy AppendixC:SampleWholeLifeInsurancePolicyandApplication Index |
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