| 《语言共性和语言类型》是当代语言类型学的第一部综合性导论著作，被广泛用作该学科的教科书，对当代语言类型学的发展起了极大的推动作用。 |
| 导读 Preface to the second edtion Preface to thefirst edition PrefacetOthe secondprinting 1 LANGUAGE UNIVERSALS 1.1 APPROACHES TO LANGUAGE UNIVERSALs 1.1.1 Ttoo major approaches 1.1.2 The data base 1.1.3 Dqrees ofabstracmtss 1.2 CLAUIFICATION OF LANGUAGg UNIVERSALS 1.2.1 Formal and substantive universals 1.2.2 Implicational and non-implicational universals 1.2.3 Absolute universals and tendencies 1.3 EXPLANATIONS FOR LANGUAGE UNIVERSALS 1.3.1 Commongenetic origin 1.3.2 External explanations 1.4 SUMMARY Notes and references 2 LANGUAGE TYPOLOGY 2.1 TYPOLOGY AND UNIVERSALS 2.2 TYlPIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS 2.3 MOP.PHOLOGICAL TYPOLOGY 2.4 SOME FURTHER TYPOLOGICAL PARAMETERS Notes and references 3 THEORETICAL PREREQUISITES 3.1 SEMANTIC ROLES 3.2 PRAGMATIC ROLES 3.3 GRAMMATICAL RELATIONS 3.4 MORPHOLOGICAL CASES 3.5 ILLUSTRATION：ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN CLAUSE STRUCTURE Notes and references 4 WORD ORDER 4.1 WORD ORDBR PARAMETERS 4.2 CORRELATIONS AMONG WORD ORDER PARAMETErs 4.2.1 Greenberg’s correlations 4.2.2 Generalizations of Greenbergs results 4.2.3 Critique ofthegeneralizations 4.3 THE VALUE OF WORD ORDER TYPOLOGY Notes and references 5 SUBJECT 5.1 THE PROBLEM 5.2 ON DEFINITIONS AND CATBGPRIES 5.3 ERGATIVITY 5.4 SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC FACTORS Notes and references 6 CASE MARKING 6.1 THE DISCRIMINATORY FUNCTION OF CASES 6.2 NATURAL INFORMATION FLOW IN THE TRANSITIVE CONSTRUCTION 6.2.1 lnverseforms 6.2.2 Differential marking of A and P 6.3 SUMMARY Notes and references 7 RELATIVE CLAUSES 7. 1 SOME TYPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGLISH RELATIVE CLAUSES 7.2 TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSE 7.2. 1 Defining the notion relative clause 7.2.2 Word order and relative clause types 7.2.3 The role of the head in the relative clause 7.2.4 The role of the head in the main clause 7.3 ACCESSIBILITY TO RELATIVE CLAUSE FORMATION 7.3. 1 Simplex sentences 7.3.2 Complex constructions 7.3.3 The distribution of relative clause types Notes and references 8 CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS 8. 1 PARAMETERS IN THE STUDY OF CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS 8. 1. 1 Formal parameters 8. 1 .2 Semantic parameters 8.2 VALENCY CHANGES IN MORPHOLOGICAL CAUSATIVES Notes and references 9 ANIMACY 9.1 INTRODUCTION ： THE NATURE OF ANIMACY 9.2 PHENOMENA CONTROLLED BY ANIMACY 9.3 CONCEPTUAL ANIMACY DISTINCTIONS 9.4 CONCLUSIONS" THE NATURE OF ANIMACY Notes and references 10 TYPOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS 10.1 DIACHRONIC DIMENSIONS IN UNIVERSALS AND TYPOLOGY 10.2 AREAL TYPOLOGY 10.3 TYPOLOGY AND RECONSTRUCTION 10.3.1 Word order typology 10.3.2 Word order and morpheme order 10.4 TYPOLOGY AND DIACHRONIC EXPLANATION Notes and references 11 CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS Map showing location of languages cited References Index of languages Index of proper Index of topics |
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