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作 者：PaulJ.Hopper(美)Elizabeth Closs Traugott 著
出 版 社：北京大学出版社
出版时间：2005 年1月
I S B N：7301075960
| “本书简洁明了地介绍了语法理论的基本概念，专有名词和已经取得的学术成就。与以前的同类著作相比，本书将语法化理论与当前语言学其他可以选用的模式联系起来，比以前的著术更加详尽地总结了语法化研究的现状，描述了一种新的学术话语的前景，为学生提供了一本非常及时有用的参考书。” ——伯南德·海因博士，科隆大学教授 |
| Paul J.Hopper。美国华盛顿大学德语硕士，得克萨斯大学语言学博士。现任美国宾夕法尼亚州卡内基·梅龙大学英语系教授。除英语外，通晓德语、法语和马来-波利尼西亚语。Hopper的研究和教学主要为修辞、语法、类型学，目前正在研究事件的观点，即人们如何报道事件的发生，重点是口语化的通俗的叙述语言。Hopper也是从事印欧语系的比较研究，以及马来-波利纪西亚诸语言，就印欧语系、德国哲学和马来语语篇已有多种著作出版。 .. << 查看详细 |
| list of figures. list of tables preface and acknowledgments list of abbreviations some preliminaries 1.1 introduction 1.2 what is a grammaticalized form? 1.2.1 a preliminary classification of grammatical forms 1.2.2 clines 1.2.3 periphrasis versus affixation 1.3 some further examples of grammaticalization 1.3.1 lets 1.3.2 a west african complementizer 1.3.3 agreement markers 1.4 grammaticalization and language structure 1.5 grammaticalization and the directionality of language change 1.6 conclusion the history of grammaticalization 2.1 introduction 2.2 earlier research on grammaticalization .2.3 research on grammaticalization from the 1960s to the 1990s 2.4 recent trends in research on grammaticalization mechanisms: reanalysis and analogy 3.1 introduction 3.2 some background assumptions about change 3.2.1 induction, deduction, abduction 3.2.2 who is the language learner? 3.2.3 the question of genetic endowment 3.2.4 innovation versus spread 3.3 reanalysis 3.3.1 the french inflectional future 3.3.2 the english modal auxiliaries 3.4 the independence of reanalysis and grammaticalization 3.4.1 word-order change 3.5 analogy/rule generalization 3.6 the differential effects of reanalysis and analogy 3.7 conclusion 4 pragmatic factors 4.1 introduction 4.2 inferencing and meaning change 4.2.1 semantics and pragmatics 4.2.2 relationships between senses of a form: homonymy and polysemy 4.2.3 conversational and conventional inferencing 4.3 the role of pragmatic inferencing in grammaticalization 4.3.1 metaphorical processes 4.3.2 metonymic processes 4.4 metaphor and metonymy as problem solving 4.5 pragmatic enrichment versus "bleaching" 4.6 conclusion 5 the hypothesis of unidirectionality 5.1 introduction 5.2 generalization 5.2.1 generalization of meaning 5.2.2 generalization of grammatical function 5.3 decategorialization 5.3.1 a noun-to-affix cline 5.3.2 a verb-to-affix cline 5.3.3 multiple paths 5.4 some processes participating in unidirectionality.. 5.4.1 specialization 5.4.2 divergence 5.4.3 renewal 5.5 a synchronic result of unidirectionality: layering 5.6 frequency 5.6.1 frequency effects 5.6.2 synchronic studies of frequency 5.6.3 diachronic studies of frequency 5.7 counterexamples to unidirec'tionality 5.8 the uses of unidirectionality in reconstruction 5.9 conclusion 6 clause-internal morphological changes 6.1 introduction 6.2 morphologization 6.2.1 some characteristics of clitics 6.2.2 positions of clitics 6.2.3 semantic "relevance" as a factor in fusion and morpheme order 6.2.4 phonological concomitants of morphologization 6.3 the development of paradigms 6.4 argument-structure marking: functional-semantic hierarchies and morphological generalization 6.4.1 object marking in persian 6.4.2 ergative case marking: a statistical perspective 6.5 loss 6.6 conclusion grammaticalization across clauses 7.1 introduction 7.2 a cline of clause-combining constructions 7.2.1 parataxis 7.2.2 hypotaxis 7.2.3 subordination 7.3 the grammaticalization of clause linkers 7.4 examples of the development of complex sentence constructions 7.4.1 that-complementation in english 7.4.2 quotative say-constructions in akkadian 7.4.3 relative clauses in english and hittite 7.5 from complex to simple clauses 7.5.1 from clause chaining to verb inflection in lhasa 7.5.2 two conjoined clauses reanalyzed as a single clause 7.5.3 from main clause construction to sentential adverb in contemporary english 7.6 some counterexamples to unidirectionality in clause combining 7.7 conclusion 8 grammaticalization in situations of extreme language contact 8.1 introduction 8.2 basic characteristics of pidgins and creoles 8.2.1 some characteristics of pidgins 8.2.2 some characteristics of creoles 8.3 implications of pidgins and creoles for language change 8.3.1 child versus adult language acquisition 8,3.2 simplification and elaboration 8.4 specific implications of pidgins and creoles for grammaticalization 9 summary and suggestions for further work notes references index of names index of languages general index... |
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