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| Preface Acknowledgments 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Terms and scope 1.2 Application areas 1.3 Growing importance of embedded systems 1.4 Structure of this book 2. SPECIFICATIONS 2.1 Requirements 2.2 Models of computation 2.3 StateCharts 2.3.1 Modeling of hierarchy 2.3.2 Timers 2.3.3 Edge labels and StateCharts semantics 2.3.4 Evaluation and extensions 2.4 General language characteristics 2.4.1 Synchronous and asynchronous languages 2.4.2 Process concepts 2.4.3 Synchronization and communication 2.4.4 Specifying timing 2.4.5 Using non-standard I/O devices 2.5 SDL 2.6 Petri nets 2.6.1 Introduction 2.6.2 Condition/event nets 2.6.3 Place/transition nets 2.6.4 Predicate/transition nets 2.6.5 Evaluation 2.7 Message Sequence Charts 2.8 UML 2.9 Process networks 2.9.1 Task graphs 2.9.2 Asynchronous message passing 2.9.3 Synchronous message passing 2.10 Java 2.11 VHDL 2.11.1 Introduction 2.11.2 Entities and architectures 2.11.3 Multi-valued logic and IEEE 1164 2.11.4 VHDL processes and simulation semantics 2.12 SystemC 2.13 Verilog and SystemVerilog 2.14 SpecC 2.15 Additional languages 2.16 Levels of hardware modeling 2.17 Language comparison 2.18 Dependability requirements 3. EMBEDDED SYSTEM HARDWARE 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Input 3.2.1 Sensors 3.2.2 Sample-and-hold circuits 3.2.3 A/D-converters 3.3 Communication 3.3.1 Requirements 3.3.2 Electrical robustness 3.3.3 Guaranteeing real-time behavior 3.3.4 Examples 3.4 Processing Units 3.4.1 Overview 3.4.2 Application-Specific Circuits (ASICs) 3.4.3 Processors 3.4.4 Reconfigurable Logic 3.5 Memories 3.6 Output 3.6.1 D/A-converters 3.6.2 Actuators 4. EMBEDDED OPERATING SYSTEMS MIDDLEWARE, AND SCHEDULING 4.1 Prediction of execution times 4.2 Scheduling in real-time systems 4.2.1 Classification of scheduling algorithms 4.2.2 Aperiodic scheduling 4.2.3 Periodic scheduling 4.2.4 Resource access protocols 4.3 …… |
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