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| Table of Contents 1 Lipid Rafts, Caveolae, and Membrane Traffic Doris Meder and Kai Simons 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Basic Organization Principles of a Cell Membrane 1.3 Evidence for Phase Separation in Model Membrane Systems: Liquid-Ordered and Liquid-Disordered Phases 1.4 Evidence for Phase Separation in Cell Membranes: The "Raft Concept" 1.5 Raft Domains are Clustered to Exert their Function 1.6 The Apical Membrane of Epithelial Cells: A Percolating Raft Membrane at 25 ~C 1.7 Caveolae: Scaffolded Membrane Domains Rich in Raft Lipids 1.8 Caveolae and Lipid Rafts in Membrane Traffic Abbreviations References 2 The Forces that Shape Caveolae Pierre Sens and Matthew S. Turner 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Physical Modeling of Lipid Membranes 2.3 Caveolae as Invaginated Lipid Rafts 2.4 Membrane Inclusions 2.5 Caveolae as a Thermodynamic Phase Separation of Membrane Proteins 2.6 Caveolae and Membrane Tension: Meehano-Sensitivity and Mechano-Regulation 2.7 Conclusions Abbreviations References 3 The Biophysical Characterization of Lipid RaFts Pranav Sharma, Rajat Varma, and Satyajit Mayor 3.1 Introduction: The Fluid Mosaic Model and Membrane Domains 3.2 The Origin of the Raft Hypothesis 3.3 The Role of Lipid-Anchored Proteins in the Development of the Membrane Raft Hypothesis 3.4 The Case For and Against DRMs as Evidence for "Rafts" in Cell Membranes 3.5 Why Are Biophysical Studies Useful for Understanding Lipid Rafts? 3.6 Diffusion-Based Measurements 3.6.1 Single-Molecule Studies 3.6.2 Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleachin2 3.6.3 Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy 3.7 Proximity Measurements 3.7.1 Proximity Measurement Using Homo-FRET 3.7.2 Proximity Measurement Using Hetero-FRET 3.8 Conclusions Abbreviations References 4 The Role of Caveolae and Noncaveolar Rafts in Endocytosis Bo van Deurs, Frederilc Vilhardt, Maria Torgersen, Kirstine Roepstorff, Anette M. Hommelgaard, and Kirsten Sandvig 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Caveolae are Largely Immobile, Nonendocytic Membrane Domains 4.3 Caveolae May Show Local, Short-Range Motility: A Role in Transendothelial Transport? 4.4 An Internalization Wave of Caveolae can be Stimulated by Virus 4.5 Role of Caveolae in Endocytosis of Cholera Toxin 4.6 A Small Fraction of Caveolae may become Constitutively Internalized 4.7 Caveosomes: Intracellular Caveolin-Associated Structures 4.8 The Role of Dynamin in Caveolar Function 4.9 Caveolin Immobilizes Rafts/Caveolar Invaginations 4.10 A 2005 Consensus Model for Caveolar Endocytosis Acknowledgments Abbreviations References 5 Role of Cholesterol in Signal Transduction from Caveolae Christopher J. FieLding and Phoebe E. Fidding 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Lipids of Caveolae …… 6 Phosphorylation of Caveolin and Signaling from Caveolae 7 Role of Lipid Microdomains in the Formation of Supramolecular Protein Cp,[;exes amd Trams,e,brame Signaling 8 Caveolin and its Role in Intracellular Chaperone Complexes 9 The Roles of Caveolae and Caveolin in Cell Shape,Locomotion,and Stress Fiber Formation 10 Lipid Rafts in Trafficking and Processing of Prion Protein and Amyloid Precursor Protein 11 Caveolae and the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase 12 The Role of Caveolin-1 in Tumor Cell Survival and Cancer Progression Index |
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