For at least a century the goals of anthropology have been to describe societies and cultures throughout the world and to compare the differences and similarities among them. Anthropologists study in a variety of settings and situations， ranging from small hamlets and villages to neighborhoods and corporate offices of major urban cen- ters throughout the world. They study hunters and gath- erers， peasants， farmers， labor leaders， politicians， and bureaucrats. They examine religious life in Latin America as well as revolutionary movements. Wherever practicable， anthropologists take on the role of the \"participant observer，\" for it is through active involvement in the lifeways of people that they hope to gain an insider s perspective without sacrificing the objec- tivity of the trained scientist. Sometimes the conditions for achieving such a goal may seem to form an almost insurmountable barrier， but anthropologists persistence， adaptability， and imagination often enable them to over- come the odds against them. The diversity of focus in anthropology means that it is earmarked less by its particular subject matter than by its perspective. Although the discipline relates to both the biological and social sciences， anthropologists know that the boundaries drawn between such disciplines are highly artificial. For example， while it may be possible to examine only the social organization of a family unit or the organi- zation of political power in a nation-state， in reality， it is impossible to separate the biological from the social from the economic from the political. The explanatory perspec- tive of anthropology， as the articles in this section exem- plify， is to seek out interrelationships among all these factors. \"1\"1.-- 1~..t I1.. ~;^1^^ ~-- Ik; 1，~^. ~11，，^(.~t^ L.^v..~^
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