ew knowledge and new procedures
for detecting and treating various
cardiovascular disorders have pro-
foundly changed cardiovascular
nursing. When it applies to acute
illness， cardiovascular nursing now
takes place almost exclusively in the highly
specialized cardiac care and surgical intensive
care units.
But that s just part of it. The new emphasis
on holistic and preventive care has expanded
nursing involvement during early prodromal
stages of cardiovascular illness and during
chronic maintenance as well. Such involve-
ment often takes place at sites away from the
hospital where nurses must practice more
independently than ever before. For example，
nurses have become coordinators of cardiac
rehabilitation programs. In this role， they work
with exercise physiologists， cardiologists， and
nutritionists. They define patient entrance
criteria， set exercise protocols， and establish
patient education programs. Similarly， nurses
have entered collaborative practices with car-
diac surgeons and cardiologists in outpatient
clinics--notably those for patients with hy-
pertension or pacemakers--in which they
manage patient care under standardized pro-
t0cols and conduct independent and collabo-
rative research in cardiac-care settings. In
the emergency department and all other hos-
pital departments， nurses must be ready to
handle sudden dysrhythmia， shock， or cardiac
arrest， knowing which situations are likely
to provoke cardiovascular complications or
emergencies and how to handle them
correctly.
To meet these challenging new responsibili-
ties， nurses need to continuously expand and
update their understanding of the cardiovas-
cular system and its normal function， and the
devastating effects of its dysfunction on inter-
locking vital systems. CARDIOVASCULAR DISOR-
DERS， the first volume of a new reference series
for nurses， will help you meet these new chal-
lenges. The first section， the introduction，
reviews cardiovascular fundamentals. The
chapters in this section review cardiovascular
anatomy and physiology and the mechanisms
of heart failure. They also contain complete
information on cardiovascular assessment and
diagnostic tests， including such advances as
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scanning
and digital subtraction angiography.
The remaining three sections of this volume
cover specific disorders of circulation， pump
failure， cardiac musculature， and electrocon-
duction. Each chapter contains three major
sections. Pathophysiology covers the causes，
fundamental mechanisms， and characteristic
signs and symptoms of each disorder， and
its effects on the cardiovascular system and
vital organs. Medical management focuses on
specific tests and other diagnostic methods
used to detect each disorder， and discusses
their characteristic findings. This part of each
chapter also summarizes treatment， including
new and traditional drug therapy， surgery，
and supportive procedures. Nursing manage-
ment provides detailed information for plan-
ning nursing care， presented according to the
nursing process. For each disorder， the dis-
cussion includes a detailed patient history，
characteristic assessment findings， and typical
nursing diagnoses. Expanding on these diag-
noses， it summarizes the goals of patient care，
suggests nursing interventions needed to
achieve them， and， finally， offers a guide to
evaluation.
Throughout this volume， scores of useful
anatomic drawings， illustrations， charts， and
diagrams clarify and augment the text. Special
graphic devices call attention to patient-
teaching aids and emergency management of
life-threatening complications， such as hyper-
tensive crisis and acute pulmonary edema.
Two appendices provide supplementary infor-
mation on congenital heart defects and car-
diovascular drugs.
Given nursing s expanding role in health
care， nurses have a special need to keep their
knowledge of cardiovascular disorders current
and accurate. This volume--which offers such
knowledge in both theoretical and practical
forms--will be an excellent reference for
nurses at all professional levels.
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