
| Preface Part A Brief Lives The Ancients A.1 Thales(ca.625-547 8.C.) Invented geometry and the concepts of theorem and proof;discovered skepticism as a tool of thought A.2 Pythagoras(ca.580-500 8.C.) Pythagorean theorem about fight triangles;irrationality of A.3 Democritus(ca.460-370 8.C.) Atoms in physics and mathematics;volume of a cone A.4 Euclid(ca.300 8.C.) Organized most of the mathematics known at his time;Euclid’S theorems on perfect numbers and the infinity of primes A.5 Archimedes(ca.287-212 8.C.) Determined volumes,areas and tangents,essentiallyby calculus;found volume and surface area of a sphere;centers of gravity;spiral of Archimedes;calculated Appendix:The Tex of Archimedes A. 6 Apollonius (ca,262-190 B.C.) Treatise t3i'f carnie sections-Appendix:Apollonius 'General Preface to His Treatise A.7 Heron(first century A.D.) Heron’s principle;area, of a triangle in terms of sides A.8 Pappus (fourth century A.D) Centers of gravity linked to solids and surfaces of revolutionAppendix : the focus- Directrix-eccentricity definitions of the conic sections A.9 Hypatia (A.D. 370?-415) The first woman mathematicianAppendix: A Proof of Diophantus ' Theorem on PythagoreanTriplesThe Forerunners A.10 Kepler (1571-1630) Founded dynamical astronomy; started chain of ideas leadingto integral calculus A.11 Descartes (1596-1650) Putative discoverer of analytic geometry; introduced some good notations; first modern philosopher A.12 Mersenne (1588-1648) Lubricated the flow of ideas; cycloids; Mersenne primes A.13 Fermat (1601-1665) Actual discoverer of analytic geometry; calculated and usedderivatives and integrals; founded modern number theory;probability A.14 Cavalieri (1598-1647) Developed Kepler's ideas into an early form of integration A.15 Torricelli (1608-1647) Area of cycloid; many calculus problems, even improper integrals; invented barometer; Torricelli's law in fluid dynamics A.16 Pascal (1623-1662) Mathematical induction; binomial coefficients; cycloid; Pascal's theorem in geometry; probability; influenced Leibniz A.17 Huygens (1629-1695) Catenary; cycloid; circular motion; Leibniz's mathematics teacher (what a pupil! what a teacher!) The Early Moderns A.18 Newton (1642-1727) Invented his own version of calculus; discovered FundamentalTheorem; used infinite series; virtually created physics andastronomy as mathematical sciences Appendix: Newton's 1714(?) Memorandum of the Two PlagueYears of 1665 and 1666 A. 19 Leibniz (1646-1716)Invented his own better version of calculus; discovered Fundamental Theorem; invented many good notations; teacherof the Bernoulli brothers A.20 The Bernoulli Brothers (James 1654-1705, John 1667-1748) Learned calculus from Leibniz, and developed and applied itextensively; infinite series; John was teacher of Euler A.21 Euler (1707-1783) …… Part B Memorable Mathematics Answers to Problems Index |
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