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| Joseph S.Valacich是华盛顿州立大学普尔曼分校商务与经济院院长和教授。他教授过系统分析与设计、集成计算、项目管理和管理信息系统等课程。他是美国信息系统教学改革的主要人物之一，曾是CSAB（计算机科学评估委员会，代表信息系统协会）的执行委员，现为CSAB理事。 |
| Contents PART I FOUNDATIONS FOR SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 2 Chapter 1 The Systems Development Environment 2 What Is Information Systems Analysis and Design? 4 Systems Analysis and Design: Core Concepts 4 Systems 6 Definition of a System and Its Parts 6 Important System Concepts 7 A Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design 10 Your Role in Systems Development 11 Outsourcing 12 Sources of Software 13 Types of Information Systems and Systems Development 17 Transaction Processing Systems 18 Management Information Systems 18 Decision Support Systems 19 Information Systems: An Overview 19 Developing Information Systems and the Systems Development Life Cycle 20 Phase 1: Systems Planning and Selection 22 Phase 2: Systems Analysis 22 Phase 3: Systems Design 23 Phase 4: Systems Implementation and Operation 23 Approaches to Development 26 Prototyping 26 Computer-Assisted Software Engineering (CASE) Tools 26 Joint Application Design 27 Rapid Application Development 27 Participatory Design 29 Agile Methodologies 29 Key Points Review 30 Key Terms Checkpoint 31 Review Questions 32 Problems and Exercises 32 Discussion Questions 33 Case Problems 33 Chapter 2 Managing the Information Systems Project 36 Pine Valley Furniture Company Background 38 Managing the Information Systems Project 39 Initiating the Project 43 Planning the Project 46 Executing the Project 52 Closing Down the Project 54 Representing and Scheduling Project Plans 56 Representing Project Plans 57 Calculating Expected Time Durations Using PERT 58 Constructing a Gantt Chart and Network Diagram at Pine Valley Furniture 59 Using Project Management Software 62 Establishing a Project Starting Date 63 Entering Tasks and Assigning Task Relationships 63 Selecting a Scheduling Method to Review Project Reports 64 Key Points Review 65 Key Terms Checkpoint 66 Review Questions 67 Problems and Exercises 67 Discussion Questions 69 Case Problems 69 Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Company Background 71 PART II SYSTEMS PLANNING AND SELECTION 78 Chapter 3 Systems Planning and Selection 78 Identifying and Selecting Projects 80 The Process of Identifying and Selecting Information Systems Development Projects 80 Deliverables and Outcomes 83 Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects 84 The Process of Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects 84 Deliverables and Outcomes 85 Assessing Project Feasibility 86 Assessing Economic Feasibility 89 Assessing Other Feasibility Concerns 95 Building the Baseline Project Plan 96 Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan 100 PVF WebStore: Systems Planning and Selection 104 Internet Basics 104 Pine Valley Furniture WebStore 105 Key Points Review 108 Key Terms Checkpoint 109 Review Questions 110 Problems and Exercises 110 Discussion Questions 111 Case Problems 111 Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Initiating and Planning a Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System 113 PART III SYSTEMS ANALYSIS 118 Chapter 4 Determining System Requirements 118 Performing Requirements Determination 120 The Process of Determining Requirements 120 Deliverables and Outcomes 121 Requirements Structuring 122 Traditional Methods for Determining Requirements 122 Interviewing and Listening 122 Directly Observing Users 127 Analyzing Procedures and Other Documents 128 Modern Methods for Determining System Requirements 133 Joint Application Design 133 Using Prototyping during Requirements Determination 136 Radical Methods for Determining System Requirements 137 Identifying Processes to Reengineer 138 Disruptive Technologies 139 PVF WebStore: Determining System Requirements 139 System Layout and Navigation Characteristics 140 WebStore and Site Management System Capabilities 140 Customer and Inventory Information 141 System Prototype Evolution 142 Key Points Review 143 Key Terms Checkpoint 143 Review Questions 144 Problems and Exercises 144 Discussion Questions 145 Case Problems 145 Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Determining Requirements for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System 146 Chapter 5 Structuring System Requirements: Process Modeling 150 Process Modeling 152 Modeling a System's Process 152 Deliverables and Outcomes 152 Data-Flow Diagramming Mechanics 153 Definitions and Symbols 154 Developing DFDs: An Example 156 Data-Flow Diagramming Rules 159 Decomposition of DFDs 160 Balancing DFDs 162 Using Data-Flow Diagramming in the Analysis Process 164 Guidelines for Drawing DFDs 164 Using DFDs as Analysis Tools 167 Using DFDs in Business Process Reengineering 167 Logic Modeling 169 Modeling Logic with Structured English 170 Modeling Logic with Decision Tables 172 PVF WebStore: Process Modeling 176 Process Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore 176 Logic Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore 177 Key Points Review 180 Key Terms Checkpoint 180 Review Questions 181 Problems and Exercises 182 Discussion Questions 187 Case Problems 187 Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Process Modeling for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System 189 Chapter 6 Structuring System Requirements: Conceptual Data Modeling 194 Conceptual Data Modeling 196 The Process of Conceptual Data Modeling 197 Deliverables and Outcomes 198 Gathering Information for Conceptual Data Modeling 201 Introduction to Entity-Relationship Modeling 202 Entities 203 Attributes 204 Candidate Keys and Identifiers 205 Multivalued Attributes 206 Relationships 207 Conceptual Data Modeling and the E-R Model 208 Degree of a Relationship 208 Cardinalities in Relationships 209 An Example of Conceptual Data Modeling at Hoosier Burger 212 PVF WebStore: Conceptual Data Modeling 216 Conceptual Data Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore 216 Key Points Review 220 Key Terms Checkpoint 221 Review Questions 222 Problems and Exercises 222 Discussion Questions 225 Case Problems 225 Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc.Conceptual Data Modeling for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System 226 Chapter 7 Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy 230 Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy 232 The Process of Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy 233 Deliverables and Outcomes 233 Generating Alternative Design Strategies 234 Issues to Consider in Generating Alternatives 236 Choosing Off-the-Shelf Software 236 Hardware and System Software Issues 238 Implementation Issues 239 Developing Design Strategies for Hoosier Burger's New Inventory Control System 240 Selecting the Most Likely Alternative 242 Updating the Baseline Project Plan 243 Before and After Baseline Project Plans for Hoosier Burger 245 PVF WebStore: Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy 249 Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore 249 Key Points Review 252 Key Terms Checkpoint 252 Review Questions 253 Problems and Exercises 253 Discussion Questions 254 Case Problems 254 Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Formulating a Design Strategy for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System 258 PART IV SYSTEMS DESIGN 262 Chapter 8 Designing the Human Interface 262 Designing Forms and Reports 264 The Process of Designing Forms and Reports 264 Deliverables and Outcomes 266 Formatting Forms and Reports 267 Designing Interfaces and Dialogues 276 The Process of Designing Interfaces and Dialogues 276 Deliverables and Outcomes 276 Designing Interfaces 277 Providing Feedback 284 Designing Dialogues 287 PVF WebStore: Designing the Human Interface 290 General Guidelines for Designing Web Interfaces 290 General Guidelines for Web Layouts 292 Designing the Human Interface at Pine Valley Furniture 293 Menu-Driven Navigation with Cookie Crumbs 294 Lightweight Graphics 294 Forms and Data Integrity 295 Template-Based HTML 295 Key Points Review 295 Key Terms Checkpoint 296 Review Questions 297 Problems and Exercises 297 Discussion Questions 298 Case Problems 298 Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Designing the Human Interface for the Customer Relationship Management System 300 Chapter 9 Designing Databases 304 Database Design 306 The Process of Database Design 306 Deliverables and Outcomes 309 Relational Database Model 312 Well-Structured Relations 313 Normalization 313 Rules of Normalization 314 Functional Dependence and Primary Keys 314 Second Normal Form 315 Third Normal Form 315 Transforming E-R Diagrams into Relations 316 Represent Entities 317 Represent Relationships 318 Summary of Transforming E-R Diagrams to Relations 321 Merging Relations 321 An Example of Merging Relations 321 View Integration Problems 322 Logical Database Design for Hoosier Burger 323 Physical File and Database Design 326 Designing Fields 327 Choosing Data Types 327 Controlling Data Integrity 329 Designing Physical Tables 330 Arranging Table Rows 333 Designing Controls for Files 337 Physical Database Design for Hoosier Burger 337 PVF WebStore: Designing Databases 339 Designing Databases for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore 340 Key Points Review 342 Key Terms Checkpoint 344 Review Questions 345 Problems and Exercises 345 Discussion Questions 347 Case Problems 348 Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Designing the Relational Database for the Customer Relationship Management System 349 PART V SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION 352 Chapter 10 Systems Implementation and Operation 352 Systems Implementation and Operation 354 The Processes of Coding, Testing, and Installation 355 Deliverables and Outcomes from Coding, Testing, and Installation 355 The Processes of Documenting the System, Training Users, and Supporting Users 356 Deliverables and Outcomes from Documenting the System, Training Users, and Supporting Users 357 The Process of Maintaining Information Systems 357 Deliverables and Outcomes from Maintaining Information Systems 358 Software Application Testing 359 Seven Different Types of Tests 359 The Testing Process 361 Acceptance Testing by Users 363 Installation 363 Planning Installation 364 Documenting the System 367 User Documentation 367 Preparing User Documentation 369 Training and Supporting Users 370 Training Information System Users 370 Supporting Information System Users 373 Support Issues for the Analyst to Consider 374 Why Implementation Sometimes Fails 374 Project Closedown 376 Conducting Systems Maintenance 377 Types of Maintenance 377 The Cost of Maintenance 378 Measuring Maintenance Effectiveness 379 Controlling Maintenance Requests 380 Configuration Management 381 Role of CASE and Automated Development Tools in Maintenance 382 Web Site Maintenance 382 Maintaining an Information System at Pine Valley Furniture 383 PVF WebStore: Systems Implementation and Operation 384 Systems Implementation and Operation for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore 384 Key Points Review 387 Key Terms Checkpoint 388 Review Questions 390 Problems and Exercises 390 Discussion Questions 391 Case Problems 391 Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Designing a Testing Plan for the Customer Relationship Management System 392 Appendix A Object-Oriented Analysis and Design 397 The Object-Oriented Modeling Approach 397 Use-Case Modeling 398 Object Modeling: Class Diagrams 401 Representing Associations 402 Representing Generalization 405 Representing Aggregation 406 Dynamic Modeling: State Diagrams 407 Dynamic Modeling: Sequence Diagrams 408 Designing a Use Case with a Sequence Diagram 410 Moving to Design 411 Key Points Review 413 Key Terms Checkpoint 414 Review Questions 415 Problems and Exercises 415 Appendix B Agile Methodologies 417 The Trend to Agile Methodologies 417 Agile Methodologies 418 eXtreme Programming 420 The Heart of the Systems Development Process 421 Requirements Determination 422 Design Specifications 425 Implementation 427 Key Points Review 427 Key Terms Checkpoint 428 Review Questions 428 Problems and Exercises 428 References 429 Glossary of Acronyms 435 Glossary of Terms 437 Index 443 |
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