| Acknowledgments introduction: Biology and physics 1 The cell: fundamental unit of developmental systems The eukaryotic cell Diffusion Osmosis Viscosity Elasticity and viscoelasticity Perspective 2 Cleavage and blastula formation The cell biology of early cleavage and blastula formation Physical processes in the cleaving blastula Physical models of cleavage and blastula formation Perspective 3 Cell states: stability, oscillation, differentiation Gene expression and biochemical state How physics describes the behavior of a complex system Oscillatory processes in early development Multistability in cell-type diversification Perspective 4 Cell adhesion, compartmentalization, and lumen formation Adhesion and differential adhesion in development The cell surface Cell adhesion: specific and nonspecific aspects The kinetics of cell adhesion Differential adhesion of embryonic tissues The physics of cell sorting Perspective 5 Epithelial morphogenesis: gastrulation and neurulation Physical properties of epithelia Gastrulation Convergence and extension Neurulation Perspective Appendix: Linear stability analysis 6 Mesenchymal morphogenesis Development of the neural crest The extracellular matrix: networks and phase transformations Mesenchymal condensation Perspective 7 Pattern formation: segmentation, axes, and asymmetry Basic mechanisms of cell pattern fbrmation Segmentation Epithelial patterning by juxtacrine signaling Mesodernr induction by diffusion gradients Reaction-diffusion systems Control of axis formation and left-right asymmetry Perspective 8 Organogenesis Development of the cardiovascular system Fractals and their biological significance Branching morphogenesis: development of the salivary gland Vertebrate limb development Perspective 9 Fertilization: generating one living dynamical system from two Development of the egg and sperm Interaction of the egg and sperm Propagation of calcium waves: spatiotemporal encoding of postfertilization events Surface contraction waves and the initiation of development Perspective 10 Evolution of developmental mechanisms The physical origins of developmental systems Analyzing an evolutionary transition using physical concepts: segmentation in insects The evolution of developmental robustness Perspective Glossary References Index |
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