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| 作者简介： DNNIS R.HELSEL.PHD,is a 2003 recipient of the american statistical association section on statistics and the environment's distinguished achievementaward.his textbook,satistical methods in water resources,coauthored by robert hirsch,is a standard reference in the water resources community ,dr.helsel currently does research on behalf of the united states geolo Survey in denver,colorado. |
| Preface Acknowledgments IntroductiOn： An Accident Waiting to Happen 1．In Focus 2．The Three Approaches Approach 1：Substitution Approach 2：Maximum likelihood estimation Approach 3：Nonparametric methods Application of survival analysis methods to environmental data Power transformations with survival analysis Parallels to uncensored methods 3．Reporting Limits Limits when the standard deviation iS considered constant The detection limit The quantitation limit False negatives Data between the limits Informative censoring——biasing interpretations Limits when the standard deviation changes with concentration For further study 4. Storing Data in Databases Method 1．Negative numbers Method 2．Indicator variable Method 3．Interval endpoints 5. Plotting Data with Nondetects Boxplots Histograms Probability plot Empirical distribution function Survival function plots X-Y scatterplots 6. Computing Summary Statistics Substitution（fabrication）methods Maximum likelihood estimation Nonparametric method：Kaplan—Meier ROS：A“robust”method A review of comparison studies 7．Computing Interval Estimates ParametriC intervals Nonparametric intervals Intervals for censored data by substitution Intervals for censored data by maximum likelihood Intervals using‘robust’parametric methods Nonparametric intervals for censored data Bootstrapped intervals 8．What Can Be Done When A11 Data Are Below the Reporting Limit？ Point estimates Probability of exceeding the reporting limit Exceedance probability for a standard higher than the reporting limit Hypothesis tests between groups Summary 9．Comparing Two Groups Substitution methods Maximum likelihood estimation Nonparametric methods Value of the information in nondetects Transformations with score tests Paired 0bservations Comparing data to a standard using paired tests Summary of two—sample tests for censored data 10．Comparing Three 0r More Groups Substitution methods Maximum likelihood estimation Nonparametric methods Summary 11．Correlation Types of correlation coefficients Substitution methods Maximum likelihood estimation Nonparametric methods Summary．A comparison among methods For further study 12. Regression and trends App Datasets |
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