| Foreword 1 Part I Routing Basics 3 Chapter 1 Basic Concepts: Internetworks, Routers, and Addresses 4 Bicycles with Motors 6 Data Link Addresses 7 Repeaters and Bridges 11 Routers 18 Network Addresses 22 Looking Ahead 25 Recommended Reading 25 Review Questions 26 Chapter 2 TCP/IP Review 28 The TCP/IP Protocol Layers 29 The IP Packet Header 32 IP Addresses 40 The First Octet Rule 45 Address Masks 48 Subnets and Subnet Masks 51 Designing Subnets 55 Breaking the Octet Boundary 57 Troubleshooting a Subnet Mask 62 ARP 63 Proxy ARP 69 Gratuitous ARP 72 Reverse ARP 72 ICMP 73 The Host-to-Host Layer 78 TCP 78 UDP 83 Looking Ahead 84 Summary Table: Chapter 2 Command Review 85 Recommended Reading 85 Review Questions 86 Configuration Exercises 87 Troubleshooting Exercises 88 Chapter 3 Static Routing 90 The Route Table 92 Configuring Static Routes 97 Case Study: Simple Static Routes 97 Case Study: Summary Routes 101 Case Study: Alternative Routes 103 Case Study: Floating Static Routes 105 Case Study: Load Sharing 109 Per Destination Load Sharing and Fast Switching 110 Per Packet Load Sharing and Process Switching 111 Case Study: Recursive Table Lookups 113 Troubleshooting Static Routes 114 Case Study: Tracing a Failed Route 115 Case Study: A Protocol Conflict 121 Looking Ahead 126 Summary Table: Chapter 3 Command Review 126 Review Questions 127 Configuration Exercises 128 Troubleshooting Exercises 130 Chapter 4 Dynamic Routing Protocols136 Routing Protocol Basics 138 Path Determination 138 Metrics 141 Hop Count 142 Bandwidth 142 Load 143 Delay 143 Reliability 143 Cost 144 Convergence 144 Load Balancing 146 Distance Vector Routing Protocols 146 Common Characteristics 148 Periodic Updates 148 Neighbors 148 Broadcast Updates 148 Full Routing Table Updates 149 Routing by Rumor 149 Route Invalidation Timers 151 Split Horizon 152 Counting to Infinity 156 Triggered Updates 157 Holddown Timers 158 Asynchronous Updates 158 Link State Routing Protocols 160 Neighbors 161 Link State Flooding 162 Sequence Numbers 163 Aging 172 The Link State Database 173 The SPF Algorithm 176 Areas 181 Interior and Exterior Gateway Protocols 183 Static or Dynamic Routing? 185 Looking Ahead 186 Recommended Reading 186 Review Questions 188 Part II Interior Routing Protocols 189 Chapter 5 Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 190 Operation of RIP 192 RIP Timers and Stability Features 193 RIP Message Format 196 Request Message Types 199 Classful Routing 200 Classful Routing: Directly Connected Subnets201 Classful Routing: Summarization at Boundary Routers 203 Classful Routing: Summary 205 Configuring RIP 205 Case Study: A Basic RIP Configuration 205 Case Study: Passive Interfaces 207 Case Study: Configuring Unicast Updates 210 Case Study: Discontiguous Subnets 212 Case Study: Manipulating RIP Metrics 216 Troubleshooting RIP 219 Looking Ahead 220 Summary Table: Chapter 5 Command Review 220 Recommended Reading 220 Review Questions 221 Configuration Exercises 221 Troubleshooting Exercises 223 Chapter 6 Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) 230 Operation of IGRP 232 IGRP Timers and Stability Features 235 IGRP Metrics 237 IGRP Packet Format 245 Configuring IGRP 249 Case Study: A Basic IGRP Configuration 250 Case Study: Unequal-Cost Load Balancing 251 Case Study: Setting Maximum Paths 256 Case Study: Multiple IGRP Processes 257 Troubleshooting IGRP 260 Case Study: Unequal-Cost Load Balancing, Again 261 Case Study: A Segmented Network 263 Looking Ahead 266 Summary Table: Chapter 6 Command Review 267 Recommended Reading 268 Review Questions 268 Configuration Exercises 269 Troubleshooting Exercises 273 Chapter 7 Routing Information Protocol Version 2 280 Operation of RIPv2 282 RIPv2 Message Format 282 Compatibility with RIPv1 286 Classless Route Lookups 287 Classless Routing Protocols 287 Variable-Length Subnet Masking 288 Authentication 292 Configuring RIPv2 296 Case Study: A Basic RIPv2 Configuration 297 Case Study: Compatibility with RIPv1 297 Case Study: Using VLSM 300 Case Study: Discontiguous Subnets and Classless Routing 303 Case Study: Authentication 306 Troubleshooting RIPv2 309 Case Study: Misconfigured VLSM 310 Looking Ahead 317 Summary Table: Chapter 7 Command Review 317 Recommended Reading 318 Review Questions 318 Configuration Exercises 319 Troubleshooting Exercises 321 Chapter 8 Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol(EIGRP) 326 Operation of EIGRP 329 Protocol-Dependent Modules 330 Reliable Transport Protocol 331 Neighbor Discovery/Recovery 333 The Diffusing Update Algorithm 335 DUAL: Preliminary Concepts 335 The DUAL Finite State Machine 345 Diffusing Computation: Example 1 349 Diffusing Computation: Example 2 354 EIGRP Packet Formats 363 The EIGRP Packet Header 363 General TLV Fields 365 IP-Specific TLV Fields 366 Address Aggregation 371 Configuring EIGRP 376 Case Study: A Basic EIGRP Configuration 377 Case Study: Redistribution with IGRP 379 Case Study: Disabling Automatic Summarization383 Case Study: Address Aggregation 384 Authentication 385 Troubleshooting EIGRP 387 Case Study: A Missing Neighbor 388 Stuck-in-Active Neighbors 394 Looking Ahead 399 Summary Table: Chapter 8 Command review 399 Review Questions 401 Configuration Exercises 402 Troubleshooting Exercises 404 Chapter 9 Open Shortest Path First 408 Operation of OSPF 410 Neighbors and Adjacencies 412 The Hello Protocol 413 Network Types 415 Designated Routers and Backup Designated Routers 418 OSPF Interfaces 423 OSPF Neighbors 430 Flooding 450 Areas 457 Router Types 460 Partitioned Areas 462 Virtual Links 463 The Link State Database 466 LSA Types 470 Stub Areas 479 The Route Table 485 Destination Types 486 Path Types 487 Route Table Lookups 490 Authentication 491 OSPF over Demand Circuits 491 OSPF Packet Formats 493 The Packet Header 495 The Hello Packet 498 The Database Description Packet 499 The Link State Request Packet 501 The Link State Update Packet 502 The Link State Acknowledgment Packet 503 OSPF LSA Formats 504 The LSA Header 504 The Router LSA 506 The Network LSA 509 The Network and ASBR Summary LSAs 510 The Autonomous System External LSA 512 The NSSA External LSA 513 The Options Field 515 Configuring OSPF 516 Case Study: A Basic OSPF Configuration 516 Case Study: Setting Router IDs with Loopback Interfaces 520 Case Study: Domain Name Service Lookups 525 Case Study: OSPF and Secondary Addresses 526 Case Study: Stub Areas 531 Case Study: Totally Stubby Areas 536 Case Study: Not-So-Stubby Areas 537 Case Study: Address Summarization 545 Case Study: Authentication 550 Case Study: Virtual Links 553 Case Study: OSPF on NBMA Networks 555 Case Study: OSPF over Demand Circuits 565 Troubleshooting OSPF 567 Case Study: An Isolated Area 572 Case Study: Misconfigured Summarization 577 Looking Ahead 581 Summary Table: Chapter 9 Command Review 581 Recommended Reading 583 Review Questions 584 Configuration Exercises 585 Troubleshooting Exercises 588 Chapter 10 Integrated IS-IS 592 Operation of Integrated IS-IS 595 IS-IS Areas 597 Network Entity Titles 600 IS-IS Functional Organization 603 Subnetwork Dependent Functions 604 Subnetwork Independent Functions 610 IS-IS PDU Formats 621 CLV Fields 624 The IS-IS Hello PDU Format 627 The IS-IS Link State PDU Format 636 The IS-IS Sequence Numbers PDU Format 646 Configuring Integrated IS-IS 647 Case Study: A Basic Integrated IS-IS Configuration 650 Case Study: Changing the Router Types 655 Case Study: An Area Migration 660 Case Study: Route Summarization 664 Case Study: Authentication 668 Troubleshooting Integrated IS-IS 671 Troubleshooting IS-IS Adjacencies 672 Troubleshooting the IS-IS Link State Database 673 Case Study: Integrated IS-IS on NBMA Networks 678 Looking Ahead 684 Summary Table: Chapter 10 Command Review 685 Review Questions 686 Configuration Exercises 688 Troubleshooting Exercises 690 Part III Route Control and Interoperability692 Chapter 11 Route Redistribution 694 Principles of Redistribution 698 Metrics 698 Administrative Distances 699 Redistributing from Classless to Classful Protocols 707 Configuring Redistribution 712 Case Study: Redistributing IGRP and RIP 715 Case Study: Redistributing EIGRP and OSPF717 Case Study: Redistribution and Route Summarization 722 Case Study: Redistributing IS-IS and RIP 730 Case Study: Redistributing Static Routes 733 Looking Ahead 737 Summary Table: Chapter 11 Command Review738 Review Questions 738 Configuration Exercises 739 Troubleshooting Exercises 740 Chapter 12 Default Routes and On-Demand Routing 742 Fundamentals of Default Routes 744 Fundamentals of On-Demand Routing 746 Configuring Default Routes and ODR 750 Case Study: Static Default Routes 751 Case Study: The Default-Network Command755 Case Study: The Default-Information Originate Command 758 Case Study: Configuring On-Demand Routing763 Looking Ahead 764 Summary Table: Chapter 12 Command Review765 Review Questions 765 Chapter 13 Route Filtering 768 Configuring Route Filters 771 Case Study: Filtering Specific Routes 772 Case Study: Route Filtering and Redistribution776 Case Study: A Protocol Migration 780 Case Study: Multiple Redistribution Points 787 Case Study: Using Distances to Set Router Preferences794 Looking Ahead 797 Summary Table: Chapter 13 Command Review797 Configuration Exercises 798 Troubleshooting Exercises 801 Chapter 14 Route Maps 804 Basic Uses of Route Maps 805 Configuring Route Maps 809 Case Study: Policy Routing 812 Case Study: Policy Routing and Quality of Service Routing 820 Case Study: Route Maps and Redistribution 824 Case Study: Route Tagging 829 Looking Ahead 836 Summary Table: Chapter 14 Command Review837 Review Questions 839 Configuration Exercises 839 Troubleshooting Exercises 841 Part IV Appendixes 842 Appendix A Tutorial: Working with Binary and Hex 844 Working with Binary Numbers 847 Working with Hexadecimal Numbers 849 Appendix B Tutorial: Access Lists 852 Access List Basics 854 Implicit Deny Any 856 Sequentiality 856 Access List Types 857 Editing Access Lists 861 Standard IP Access Lists 862 Extended IP Access Lists 865 TCP Access Lists 869 UDP Access Lists 870 ICMP Access Lists 871 Calling the Access List 872 Keyword Alternatives 875 Named Access Lists 876 Filter Placement Considerations 877 Access List Monitoring and Accounting 880 Appendix C CCIE Preparation Tips 882 Laying the Foundations 885 Hands-On Experience 886 Intensifying the Study 887 The Final Six Months 888 Exam Day 889 Appendix D Answers to Review Questions 892 Chapter 1 893 Chapter 2 896 Chapter 3 900 Chapter 4 902 Chapter 5 905 Chapter 6 906 Chapter 7 907 Chapter 8 908 Chapter 9 911 Chapter 10 914 Chapter 11 916 Chapter 12 917 Chapter 14 918 Appendix E Solutions to Configuration Problems 920 Chapter 2 921 Chapter 3 931 Chapter 5 935 Chapter 6 938 Chapter 7 939 Chapter 8 942 Chapter 9 943 Chapter 10 948 Chapter 11 958 Chapter 13 959 Chapter 14 962 Appendix F Solutions to Troubleshooting Exercises 966 Chapter 2 967 Chapter 3 968 Chapter 5 968 Chapter 6 970 Chapter 7 970 Chapter 8 970 Chapter 9 971 Chapter 10 971 Chapter 11 972 Chapter 13 972 Chapter 14 973 Index 974 |
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