Historical Development
of Pelvic Surgery
II speeialties in medicine have told the patient so. She agreed to accept
lved gradually. New specialties are the risk and demonstrated her f~lith in
coming into existence as we learn her doctor and the Lord by singinghymns
:e and more about each field. In the during the operation. While McDowel]
y days of medicine in the United was performing tbe operation， his house
:es it was customary for one man to was surrounded by a crowd of the pa-
:l a ehair of anatomy and surgery， tient s friends， who intended to shoot or
teta ies and gynecologybeingineluded hang him if the patient died. Fortu-
a surgery. Philip Syng Physick， often nately， she made a rapid recovery and
sidered the father of American sur- lived for 32 years， to die at the age of
~， held the first chair of surgery in the 78. McDowells publication of his first
ted States diw)rced from anatomy， three suceessfnl eases of \"ovariotomy\"
s was at the University of Penusyl- (oophorectomy) marks the beginning of
ia in 1805. At this time John Warren， abdominal surgery. The operation fell
founder of Harvard Medical School， into disrepute shortly after this， but was
its first professor of anatmny and sur- popularized by the brothers Atlee of Lan-
1. Obstetrics was divorced from the easter， Pennsylvania， about the middle of
ir of surgery during the first part of the the 19tb century.
century. Although gynecology began Myomectomy. Anmssat of France per-
e identified as a specialty during this formed the first recorded nayomectomy
od， its separation from general sur- in 1840. In the United States the opera-
was more gradual. In fact， gyne- tion was done shortly thereafterbyWash-
，gy has not yet been completely ington Atlee. In 1850 Professor Mussey
~reed from general surgery in prac- wrote: \"Of all fire achievements of
， although in almost all medical modern surgery we meet with， none [is]
)ols it is combined with obsteh ics， more striking or extraordinary than the
ophoreetomy-McDowelh Abdomi- operation performed hy Professor Atlee
surgery may auflaentieally be said to for the removal of fibrous tumors.\" A
begun in the back woods of Ken- generation later J. Marian Sims wrote:
:y when Ephraim MeDowell success- \"The name of Atlee stands without a rival
~ renroved a large ovarian tumor. He in cmmection with uterine fibroids. His
studied under John Bell of Lon- operations were so heroic that no man
， who suggested the operation to has as yet dared to imitate him.\" In more
)dwell， who emried it out in 1809. modern times Victor Bonney in England
operation was done without the and Isadore Buhin in this country were
efit of anesthesia or asepsis， the greatest advocates of myomectomy.
)dwell considered the operation an Their enthusiasm exceeded that of most
eriment， as it truly was， and frankly nmre recent gynecologists， hut myn-
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