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ON JANUARY 31， 1943， German Field Marshal Friedric]
Paulus surrendered at Stalingrad.
Ten days later the last surviving Japanese troops abar
doned Guadalcanal.
Two weeks later Field Marshal Erwin Rommel de
feated an American force at the Kasserine Pass in Tunisie
It was the last German victory in North Africa. A wee]
after Kasserine， American forces drove Rommel back am
exhausted his dwindling army. He reported to Hitler tha
North Africa was lost and asked for permission to evacu
ate what was left of the Afrika Korps.
Though few realized it， the tide of the war had deci
sively shifted. Hard and costly fighting remained， but afte
February 1943， the Axis powers were in retreat. How th，
war would end was no longer in question.
On the same day when Paulus surrendered at Stalingrad
President Franklin D. Roosevelt returned to WashingtoJ
after a mysterious absence of more than two weeks. Oul:
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